III. THE INSTRUMENT OR MEANS.

III. THE INSTRUMENT OR MEANS.

238. The suffixes #-men-to-#, #-tro-#, #-cro-# or #-culo-#, #-lo-#, #-bro-# or #-bulo-#, are used to denote the _Instrument_ or _Means_: as,

STEM. NOMINATIVE. FROM.

ōrnā-mento- ōrnāmentum, _embellishment_ ōrnā-re, _embellish_ arā-tro- arātrum, _plough_ arā-re, _plough_ pō-culo- pōculum, _drinking-cup_ √+pō-+, _drink_ pā-bulo- pābulum, _fodder_ √+pā-+, _feed_

239. #-men-to-#, N. #-men-tu-m# (202), is one of the commonest suffixes; it sometimes denotes result of action, rarely action itself.

#pig-mento-#, N. #pig-mentu-m#, _paint_ (√#pīg-#, _paint_); #experī-mentu-m#, _test_ (#experī-rī#); #ōrnā-mentu-m#, _ornament_ (#ōrnā-re#); #frag-mentu-m#, _fragment_ (√#frag-#, _break_); #cae-mentu-m#, _quarried stone_ (√#caed-#, _cut_); #incrē-mentu-m#, _growth_ (#in#, √#crē-#, _grow_); #al-imentu-m#, _nourishment_ (√#al-#, _nurture_); #doc-umentu-m#, _lesson_ (√#doc-#, _teach_). See also #-min-# (224). #-men-tā-#, N. #-men-ta#, F., is rare: #ful-menta#, _prop_ (√#fulc-#, _prop_); #rā-menta#, _scraping_ (√#rād-#, _scrape_).

240. #-tro-#, N. #-tru-m# (202): #arā-tro-#, N. #arā-tru-m#, _plough_ (#arā-re#); #fer-etru-m#, _bier_ (√#fer-#, _bear_); #rōs-tru-m#, _beak_ (√#rōd-#, _peck_). Sometimes #-stro-#: #mōn-stru-m#, _warning_ (√#mon-#, _mind_); #lu-stra#, plural, _fen_, _jungle_ (√#lu-#, _wash_); #lū-stru-m#, _purification_ (√#lou-#, _wash_). #-trā-#, N. #-tra#, F.: #mulc-trā-#, N. #mulc-tra# (also #mulc-tru-m#, Ne.), _milking-pail_ (√#mulg-#, _milk_). #-es-trā-#: #fen-estra#, _window_.

241. #-cro-#, N. #-cru-m#, used when an #l# precedes: #ful-cro-#, N. #ful-cru-m#, _couch-leg_ (√#fulc-#, _prop_). #-cro-# sometimes denotes the place where: #ambulā-cru-m#, _promenade_ (#ambulā-re#); sometimes the effect: #simulā-cru-m#, _likeness_ (#simulā-re#).

242. #-culo-#, N. #-culu-m# (202): #pō-culo-#, N. #pō-culu-m#, _cup_ (√#pō-#, _drink_); #fer-culu-m#, _tray_ (√#fer-#, _bear_). #-culo-# sometimes denotes the place where: #cub-iculu-m#, _sleeping-room_ (√#cub-#, _lie_); #cēnā-culu-m#, originally _dining-room_, usually _garret_ (#cēnā-re#).

243. #-u-lo-#, N. #-u-lu-m-# (202): chiefly after #c# or #g#: #vinc-ulo-#, N. #vinc-ulu-m#, _bond_ (√#vinc-#, _bind_); #cing-ulu-m#, _girdle_ (√#cing-#, _gird_). #-u-lā-#, N. #-u-la#, F., #rēg-ula#, _rule_ (√#rēg-#, _guide_).

244. #-bro-#, N. #-bru-m# (202): #crī-bro-#, N. #crī-bru-m#, _sieve_ (√#cer-#, #crī-#, _sift_); #lā-bru-m#, _wash-basin_ (√#lav-#, _wash_). #-brā-#, N. #-bra#, F.: #dolā-bra#, _chisel_, _mattock_ (#dolā-re#); #late-bra#, _hiding-place_ (√#lat-#, _hide_).

245. #-bulo-#, N. #-bulu-m# (202): #pā-bulo-#, N. #pā-bulu-m#, _fodder_ (√#pā-#, _keep_); #vēnā-bulu-m#, _hunting-spear_ (#vēnā-rī#); #pat-ibulu-m#, _pillory_ (√#pat-#, _stretch_). #-bulo-# sometimes denotes the place where: #sta-bulu-m#, _standing-place_, _stall_ (√#sta-#, _stand_). #-bulā-#, N. #-bula#, F., rare: #sū-bula#, _awl_ (√#su-#, _sew_); #ta-bula#, _board_ (√#ta-#, _stretch_); #fā-bula#, _talk_ (√#fā-#, _talk_).

(B.) DENOMINATIVES.