II. As pronouns:--

II. As pronouns:--

_This_ is a fine morning.[19] _These_ are cowboys.

_This_ is my uncle. Robert gave me _these_.

Can you do _this_? I never saw _these_ before.

_This_ is the road. Who are _these_?

Look at _this_. _These_ are our rackets.

_That_ is Ellen in the canoe. _Those_ are deer.

_That_ would please him. _Those_ are nasturtiums.

_That_ must be he. What are _those_?

What is _that_? _Those_ are kangaroos.

If the demonstrative is followed by a noun which it limits (as in “_this_ sailor”), it is an adjective. If the demonstrative points out something which it does not name (as in “_This_ is a fine morning”), it takes the place of a noun and is therefore a pronoun. The simple subject of the sentence “This camera is expensive” is the noun _camera_, which is modified by the adjective _this_. The subject of the sentence “_This_ is expensive” is the pronoun _this_.

NOTE. _Yon_, _yond_, and _yonder_ are common as demonstratives in older English and in poetry. Thus,--“Nerissa, cheer _yon_ stranger” (_Merchant of Venice_). “Question _yond_ man” (_As You Like It_). “Is not _yond_ Diomed?” (_Troilus and Cressida_). “Call _yonder_ fellow hither” (_Henry V_). “Is _yonder_ the man?” (_As You Like It_).

+132.+ Demonstratives have only the inflection of number. They have the same form for all three genders. The nominative and objective cases are alike; the possessive is replaced by _of_ with the objective.

SINGULAR PLURAL

_Nom. and Obj._ this _Nom. and Obj._ these _Possessive_ [of this] _Possessive_ [of these]

_Nom. and Obj._ that _Nom. and Obj._ those _Possessive_ [of that] _Possessive_ [of those]

_Yon_, _yond_, and _yonder_ are not inflected.

+133.+ A demonstrative pronoun may be used to avoid the repetition of a noun.

My dog and _that_ [= the dog] of my friend John have been fighting.

Compare these maps with _those_ [= the maps] on the blackboard.

+134.+ The singular forms _this_ and _that_ (not the plurals _these_ and _those_) are used with the nouns _kind_ and _sort_.

I like _this_ kind of grapes.

I have met _this_ sort of people before.

_That_ kind of apples grows in Idaho.