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Philosophy

Ethics

by Benedictus de Spinoza

Read Ethics by Benedictus de Spinoza in English, with complete text and saved reading progress.

5 hr estimatedB1–B2 Linden levelRead now availability20 chapters
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Overview

About this book

Ethics is available in the Project Gutenberg source edition credited to Benedictus de Spinoza. Catalog subjects include Ethics. This edition retains the source text, including any introductory material and notes.

First published
Unknown year
Language
English
Translator
R. H. M. (Robert Harvey Monro) Elwes
Copyright status
Public domain

English level

B1–B2 · Steady progress

Ethics is calibrated from 39,208 sampled words across 20 chapters: sentences average 18.2 words, 29.1% exceed 24 words and 9.5% of words are nine letters or longer.

Explore the B1–B2 level →

Sentence rhythm

What the prose asks

Medium-length sentences averaging 18.2 words, with 29.1% extending beyond 24 words

Vocabulary

What may slow you down

9.5% of sampled words contain nine or more letters and about 2.3 marked archaic terms per thousand words; names and period vocabulary still vary by chapter

Reading rhythm

Medium commitment

Regular chapter-sized stopping points support a steady plan. About 11 calm 30-minute sessions.

Suggested approach

Read with momentum

Use chapter or section breaks to keep context while reading steadily

Best starting point

Begin with chapter one

The full text is ready with speech, lookup and saved progress.

CEFR-aligned Linden estimate · high confidence · sampled full text · Calibrated 2026-09-08 · Provisional, not an exam certification.

Table of contents

20 chapters

  1. 01PART I. CONCERNING GOD.2 min
  2. 02PROPOSITIONS.49 min
  3. 03APPENDIX:12 min
  4. 04PART II.2 min
  5. 05DEFINITIONS2 min
  6. 06AXIOMS2 min
  7. 07PROPOSITIONS25 min
  8. 08POSTULATES47 min
  9. 09PART III.3 min
  10. 10POSTULATES — Section 1026 min
  11. 11DEFINITIONS OF THE EMOTIONS20 min
  12. 12GENERAL DEFINITION OF THE EMOTIONS2 min
  13. 13PART IV:6 min
  14. 14DEFINITIONS.2 min
  15. 15AXIOM.2 min
  16. 16PROPOSITIONS. — Section 1615 min
  17. 17APPENDIX.12 min
  18. 18Of the Power of the Understanding, or of Human Freedom6 min
  19. 19AXIOMS.2 min
  20. 20PROPOSITIONS. — Section 2042 min
Commemorative illustration for Benedictus de Spinoza; not a historical portrait

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Benedictus de Spinoza

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