The Grammar of English Grammars · Part 61

"Silence, my muse! make not these jewels cheap, Exposing to the world too large a heap."--Waller cor.

CHAPTER III.--NOUNS.

CORRECTIONS IN THE MODIFICATIONS OF NOUNS.

LESSON I.--NUMBERS.

"All the ablest of the Jewish rabbies acknowledge it."--Wilson cor. "Who has thoroughly imbibed the system of one or other of our Christian rabbies."--Campbell cor. "The seeming singularities of reason soon wear off."--Collier cor. "The chiefs and arikies, or priests, have the power of declaring a place or object taboo."--Balbi cor. "Among the various tribes of this family, are the Pottawatomies, the Sauks and Foxes, or Saukies and Ottogamies."--Id. "The Shawnees, Kickapoos, Menom'onies, Miamies, and Delawares, are of the same region."--Id. "The Mohegans and Abenaquies belonged also to this family."--Id. "One tribe of this family, the Winnebagoes, formerly resided near lake Michigan."--Id. "The other tribes are the Ioways, the Otoes, the Missouries, the Quapaws."--Id." The great Mexican family comprises the Aztecs, the Toltecs, and the Tarascoes."--Id." The Mulattoes are born of negro and white parents; the Zamboes, of Indians and Negroes."--Id. "To have a place among the Alexanders, the Cæsars, the Louises, or the Charleses,--the scourges and butchers of their fellow-creatures."--Burgh cor." Which was the notion of the Platonic philosophers and the Jewish rabbies."--Id. "That they should relate to the whole body of virtuosoes."--Cobbeti cor." What thanks have ye? for sinners also love those that love them."--Bible cor." There are five ranks of nobility; dukes, marquises, earls, viscounts, and barons."--Balbi cor." Acts which were so well known to the two Charleses."--Payne cor. "Courts-martial are held in all parts, for the trial of the blacks."--Observer cor. "It becomes a common noun, and may have the plural number; as, the two Davids, the two Scipios, the two Pompeys."--Staniford cor. "The food of the rattlesnake is birds, squirrels, hares, rats, and reptiles."--Balbi cor. "And let fowls multiply in the earth."--Bible cor. "Then we reached the hillside, where eight buffaloes were grazing."--Martineau cor. "CORSET, n. a bodice for a woman."--Worcester cor. "As, the Bees, the Cees, the Double-ues."--Peirce cor. "Simplicity is the mean between ostentation and rusticity."--Pope cor. "You have disguised yourselves like tipstaffs."--Gil Bias cor. "But who, that has any taste, can endure the incessant quick returns of the alsoes, and the likewises, and the moreovers, and the howevers, and the notwithstandings?"--Campbell cor.

"Sometimes, in mutual sly disguise, Let ays seem noes, and noes seem ays."--Gay cor.

LESSON II.--CASES.

"For whose name's sake, I have been made willing."--Penn cor. "Be governed by your conscience, and never ask any body's leave to be honest."--Collier cor. "To overlook nobody's merit or misbehaviour."-- Id. "And Hector at last fights his way to the stern of Ajax's ship."--Coleridge cor. "Nothing is lazier, than to keep one's eye upon words without heeding their meaning."--Museum cor. "Sir William Jones's division of the day."--Id. "I need only refer here to Voss's excellent account of it."--Id. "The beginning of Stesichorus's palinode has been preserved."--Id. "Though we have Tibullus's elegies, there is not a word in them about Glyc~era."--Id. "That Horace was at Thaliarchus's country-house."--Id. "That Sisyphus's foot-tub should have been still in existence."--Id. "How everything went on in Horace's closet, and Mecenas's antechamber."--Id. "Who, for elegant brevity's sake, put a participle for a verb."--W. Walker cor. "The country's liberty being oppressed, we have no more to hope."--Id. "A brief but true account of this people's principles."--Barclay cor. "As, The Church's peace, or, The peace of the Church; Virgil's Æneid, or, The Æneid of Virgil."--Brit. Gram. cor. "As, Virgil's Æneid, for, The Æneid of Virgil; The Church's peace, for, The peace of the Church."--Buchanan cor. "Which, with Hubner's Compend, and Well's Geographia Classica, will be sufficient."--Burgh cor. "Witness Homer's speaking horses, scolding goddesses, and Jupiter enchanted with Venus's girdle."--Id. "Dr. Watts's Logic may with success be read to them and commented on."--Id. "Potter's Greek, and Kennet's Roman Antiquities, Strauchius's and Helvicus's Chronology."--Id. "SING. Alice's friends, Felix's property; PLUR. The Alices' friends, the Felixes' property."--Peirce cor. "Such as Bacchus's company--at Bacchus's festivals."--Ainsworih cor. "Burns's inimitable Tam o' Shanter turns entirely upon such a circumstance."--Scott cor. "Nominative, men; Genitive, [or Possessive,] men's; Objective, men."--Cutler cor. "Men's happiness or misery is mostly of their own making."--Locke cor. "That your son's clothes be never made strait, especially about the breast."--Id. "Children's minds are narrow and weak."--Id. "I would not have little children much tormented about punctilios, or niceties of breeding."--Id. "To fill his head with suitable ideas."--Id. "The Burgusdisciuses and the Scheiblers did not swarm in those days, as they do now."--Id. "To see the various ways of dressing--a calf's head!"--Shenstone cor.

"He puts it on, and for decorum's sake Can wear it e'en as gracefully as she."--Cowper cor.

LESSON III.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"Simon the wizard was of this religion too"--Bunyan cor. "MAMMODIES, n. Coarse, plain, India muslins."--Webster cor. "Go on from single persons to families, that of the Pompeys for instance."--Collier cor. "By which the ancients were not able to account for phenomena."--Bailey cor. "After this I married a woman who had lived at Crete, but a Jewess by birth."--Josephus cor. "The very heathens are inexcusable for not worshiping him."--Todd cor. "Such poems as Camoens's Lusiad, Voltaire's Henrinde, &c."--Dr. Blair cor. "My learned correspondent writes a word in defence of large scarfs."--Sped. cor. "The forerunners of an apoplexy are dullness, vertigoes, tremblings."--Arbuthnot cor." Vertigo, [in Latin,] changes the o into ~ines, making the plural vertig~ines:" [not so, in English.]--Churchill cor. "Noctambulo, [in Latin,] changes the o into ones, making the plural noctambulones:" [not so in English.]--Id. "What shall we say of noctambuloes? It is the regular English plural."--G. Brown. "In the curious fretwork of rocks and grottoes."--Blair cor. "Wharf makes the plural wharfs, according to the best usage."--G. Brown. "A few cents' worth of macaroni supplies all their wants."--Balbi cor. "C sounds hard, like k, at the end of a word or syllable."--Blair cor. "By which the virtuosoes try The magnitude of every lie."--Butler cor. "Quartoes, octavoes, shape the lessening pyre."--Pope cor. "Perching within square royal roofs"--Sidney cor. "Similes should, even in poetry, be used with moderation."--Dr. Blair cor. "Similes should never be taken from low or mean objects."--Id. "It were certainly better to say, 'The House of Lords,' than, 'The Lords' House.'"--Murray cor. "Read your answers. Units' figure? 'Five.' Tens'? 'Six.' Hundreds'? 'Seven.'"--Abbott cor. "Alexander conquered Darius's army."--Kirkham cor. "Three days' time was requisite, to prepare matters."--Dr. Brown cor. "So we say, that Cicero's style and Sallust's were not one; nor Cæsar's and Livy's; nor Homer's and Hesiod's; nor Herodotus's and Thucydides's; nor Euripides's and Aristophanes's; nor Erasmus's and Budæus's."--Puttenham cor. "LEX (i.e., legs, a law,) is no other than our ancestors' past participle loeg, laid down"--Tooke cor. "Achaia's sons at Ilium slain for the Atridoe's sake."--Cowper cor. "The corpses of her senate manure the fields of Thessaly."--Addison cor.

"Poisoning, without regard of fame or fear; And spotted corpses load the frequent bier."--Dryden cor.

CHAPTER IV.--ADJECTIVES.

CORRECTIONS IN THE FORMS OF COMPARISON, &c.

LESSON I.--DEGREES.

"I have the real excuse of the most honest sort of bankrupts."--Cowley corrected. "The most honourable part of talk, is, to give the occasion."--Bacon cor. "To give him one of the most modest of his own proverbs."--Barclay cor. "Our language is now, certainly, more proper and more natural, than it was formerly."--Burnet cor. "Which will be of the greatest and most frequent use to him in the world."--Locke cor. "The same is notified in the most considerable places in the diocese."--Whitgift cor. "But it was the most dreadful sight that ever I saw."--Bunyan cor. "Four of the oldest, soberest, and discreetest of the brethren, chosen for the occasion, shall regulate it."--Locke cor. "Nor can there be any clear understanding of any Roman author, especially of more ancient time, without this skill."--W. Walker cor. "Far the most learned of the Greeks."--Id. "The more learned thou art, the humbler be thou."--Id. "He is none of the best, or most honest."--Id. "The most proper methods of communicating it to others."--Burn cor. "What heaven's great King hath mightiest to send against us."--Milton cor. "Benedict is not the most unhopeful husband that I know."--Shakspeare cor. "That he should immediately do all the meanest and most trifling things himself."--Ray cor. "I shall be named among the most renowned of women."--Milton cor. "Those have the most inventive heads for all purposes."--Ascham cor. "The more wretched are the contemners of all helps."--B. Johnson cor. "I will now deliver a few of the most proper and most natural considerations that belong to this piece."--Wotton cor. "The most mortal poisons practised by the West Indians, have some mixture of the blood, fat, or flesh of man."--Bacon cor. "He so won upon him, that he rendered him one of the most faithful and most affectionate allies the Medes ever had."--Rollin cor. "'You see before you,' says he to him, 'the most devoted servant, and the most faithful ally, you ever had.'"--Id. "I chose the most flourishing tree in all the park."--Cowley cor. "Which he placed, I think, some centuries earlier than did Julius Africanus afterwards."--Bolingbroke cor. "The Tiber, the most noted river of Italy."--Littleton cor.

"To farthest shores th' ambrosial spirit flies."--Pope.

----"That what she wills to do or say, Seems wisest, worthiest, discreetest, best."--Milton cor.

LESSON II.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"During the first three or four years of its existence."--Taylor cor. "To the first of these divisions, my last ten lectures have been devoted."--Adams cor. "There are, in the twenty-four states, not fewer than sixty thousand common schools."--J. O. Taylor cor. "I know of nothing which gives teachers more trouble, than this want of firmness."--Id. "I know of nothing else that throws such darkness over the line which separates right from wrong."--Id. "None need this purity and this simplicity of language and thought, more than does the instructor of a common school."--Id. "I know of no other periodical that is so valuable to the teacher, as the Annals of Education."--Id. "Are not these schools of the highest importance? Should not every individual feel a deep interest in their character and condition?"--Id. "If instruction were made a liberal profession, teachers would feel more sympathy for one an other."--Id. "Nothing is more interesting to children, than novelty, or change."--Id. "I know of no other labour which affords so much happiness as the teacher's."--Id. "Their school exercises are the most pleasant and agreeable duties, that they engage in."--Id. "I know of no exercise more beneficial to the pupil than that of drawing maps."--Id. "I know of nothing in which our district schools are more defective, than they are in the art of teaching grammar."--Id. "I know of no other branch of knowledge, so easily acquired as history."--Id. "I know of no other school exercise for which pupils usually have such an abhorrence, as for composition."--Id. "There is nothing belonging to our fellow-men, which we should respect more sacredly than their good name."--Id. "Surely, never any other creature was so unbred as that odious man."--Congreve cor. "In the dialogue between the mariner and the shade of the deceased."--Phil. Museum cor. "These master-works would still be less excellent and finished."--Id. "Every attempt to staylace the language of polished conversation, renders our phraseology inelegant and clumsy."--Id. "Here are a few of the most unpleasant words that ever blotted paper."--Shakespeare cor. "With the most easy and obliging transitions."--Broome cor. "Fear is, of all affections, the least apt to admit any conference with reason."--Hooker cor. "Most chymists think glass a body less destructible than gold itself."--Boyle cor. "To part with unhacked edges, and bear back our barge undinted."--Shak. cor. "Erasmus, who was an unbigoted Roman Catholic, was transported with this passage."--Addison cor. "There are no fewer than five words, with any of which the sentence might have terminated."--Campbell cor. "The ones preach Christ of contention; but the others, of love." Or, "The one party preach," &c.--Bible cor. "Hence we find less discontent and fewer heart-burnings, than where the subjects are unequally burdened."--H. Home, Ld. Kames, cor.

"The serpent, subtlest beast of all the field." --Milton, P. L., B. ix, l. 86.

"Thee, Serpent, subtlest beast of all the field, I knew, but not with human voice indued." --Id., P. L., B. ix, l. 560.

"How much more grievous would our lives appear. To reach th' eight-hundredth, than the eightieth year!" --Denham cor.

LESSON III.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"Brutus engaged with Aruns; and so fierce was the attack, that they pierced each other at the same time."--Lempriere cor. "Her two brothers were, one after the other, turned into stone."--Kames cor. "Nouns are often used as adjectives; as, A gold ring, a silver cup."--Lennie cor. "Fire and water destroy each other"--Wanostrocht cor. "Two negatives, in English, destroy each other, or are equivalent to an affirmative."--Lowth, Murray, et al. cor. "Two negatives destroy each other, and are generally equivalent to an affirmative."--Kirkham and Felton cor. "Two negatives destroy each other, and make an affirmative."--Flint cor. "Two negatives destroy each other, being equivalent to an affirmative."--Frost cor. "Two objects, resembling each other, are presented to the imagination."--Parker cor. "Mankind, in order to hold converse with one an other, found it necessary to give names to objects."--Kirkham cor. "Derivative words are formed from their primitives in various ways."--Cooper cor. "There are many different ways of deriving words one from an other."--Murray cor. "When several verbs have a joint construction in a sentence, the auxiliary is usually expressed with the first only."--Frost cor. "Two or more verbs, having the same nominative case, and coming in immediate succession, are also separated by the comma."--Murray et al. cor. "Two or more adverbs, coming in immediate succession, must be separated by the comma."--Iidem. "If, however, the two members are very closely connected, the comma is unnecessary."--Iidem. "Gratitude, when exerted towards others, naturally produces a very pleasing sensation in the mind of a generous man."--L. Murray cor. "Several verbs in the infinitive mood, coming in succession, and having a common dependence, are also divided by commas."--Comly cor. "The several words of which it consists, have so near a relation one to an other."--Murray et al. cor. "When two or more verbs, or two or more adverbs,[528] occur in immediate succession, and have a common dependence, they must be separated by the comma."--Comly cor. "One noun frequently follows an other, both meaning the same thing."--Sanborn cor. "And these two tenses may thus answer each other."--R. Johnson cor. "Or some other relation which two objects bear to each other."--Jamieson cor. "That the heathens tolerated one an other is allowed."--A. Fuller cor. "And yet these two persons love each other tenderly."--E. Reader cor. "In the six hundred and first year."--Bible cor. "Nor is this arguing of his, any thing but a reiterated clamour."--Barclay cor. "In several of them the inward life of Christianity is to be found."--Ib. "Though Alvarez, Despauter, and others, do not allow it to be plural."--R. Johnson cor. "Even the most dissipated and shameless blushed at the sight."--Lempriere cor. "We feel a higher satisfaction in surveying the life of animals, than [in contemplating] that of vegetables."-- Jamieson cor. "But this man is so full-fraught with malice."--Barclay cor. "That I suggest some things concerning the most proper means."--Dr. Blair cor.

"So, hand in hand, they passed, the loveliest pair That ever yet in love's embraces met."--Milton cor.

"Aim at supremacy; without such height, Will be for thee no sitting, or not long."--Id. cor.

CHAPTER V.--PRONOUNS.

CORRECTIONS IN THE FORMS AND USES OF PRONOUNS.

LESSON I.--RELATIVES.

"While we attend to this pause, every appearance of singsong must be carefully avoided."--Murray cor. "For thou shalt go to all to whom I shall send thee."--Bible cor. "Ah! how happy would it have been for me, had I spent in retirement these twenty-three years during which I have possessed my kingdom."--Sanborn cor. "In the same manner in which relative pronouns and their antecedents are usually parsed."--Id. "Parse or explain all the other nouns contained in the examples, after the very manner of the word which is parsed for you."--Id. "The passive verb will always have the person and number that belong to the verb be, of which it is in part composed."--Id. "You have been taught that a verb must always agree in person and number with it subject or nominative."--Id. "A relative pronoun, also, must always agree in person, in number, and even in gender, with its antecedent."--Id. "The answer always agrees in case with the pronoun which asks the question."--Id. "One sometimes represents an antecedent noun, in the definite manner of a personal pronoun." [529]--Id. "The mind, being carried forward to the time at which the event is to happen, easily conceives it to be present." "SAVE and SAVING are [seldom to be] parsed in the manner in which EXCEPT and EXCEPTING are [commonly explained]."--Id. "Adverbs qualify verbs, or modify their meaning, as adjectives qualify nouns [and describe things.]"--Id. "The third person singular of verbs, terminates in s or es, like the plural number of nouns."--Id. "He saith further: that, 'The apostles did not baptize anew such persons as had been baptized with the baptism of John.'"--Barclay cor. "For we who live,"--or, "For we that are alive, are always delivered unto death for Jesus' sake."--Bible cor. "For they who believe in God, must be careful to maintain good works."--Barclay cor. "Nor yet of those who teach things that they ought not, for filthy lucre's sake."--Id. "So as to hold such bound in heaven as they bind on earth, and such loosed in heaven as they loose on earth."--Id. "Now, if it be an evil, to do any thing out of strife; then such things as are seen so to be done, are they not to be avoided and forsaken?"--Id. "All such as do not satisfy themselves with the superfices of religion."--Id. "And he is the same in substance, that he was upon earth,--the same in spirit, soul, and body."--Id. "And those that do not thus, are such, as the Church of Rome can have no charity for." Or: "And those that do not thus, are persons toward whom the Church of Rome can have no charity."--Id. "Before his book, he places a great list of what he accounts the blasphemous assertions of the Quakers."--Id. "And this is what he should have proved."--Id. "Three of whom were at that time actual students of philosophy in the university."--Id. "Therefore it is not lawful for any whomsoever * * * to force the consciences of others."--Id. "Why were the former days better than these?"--Bible cor. "In the same manner in which"--or, better, "Just as--the term my depends on the name books."--Peirce cor. "Just as the term HOUSE depends on the [preposition to, understood after the adjective] NEAR."--Id. "James died on the day on which Henry returned."--Id.

LESSON II.--DECLENSIONS.

"OTHER makes the plural OTHERS, when it is found without its substantive."--Priestley cor. "But his, hers, ours, yours, and theirs, have evidently the form of the possessive case."--Lowth cor. "To the Saxon possessive cases, hire, ure, eower, hira, (that is, hers, ours, yours, theirs,) we have added the s, the characteristic of the possessive case of nouns."--Id. "Upon the name of Jesus Christ our Lord, both theirs and ours."--Friends cor. "In this place, His is clearly preferable either to Her or to Its."--Harris cor. "That roguish leer of yours makes a pretty woman's heart ache."--Addison cor. "Lest by any means this liberty of yours become a stumbling-block."--Bible cor. "First person: Sing. I, my or mine, me; Plur. we, our or ours, us."--Wilbur and Livingston cor. "Second person: Sing, thou, thy or thine, thee; Plur. ye or you, your or yours, you."--Iid. "Third person: Sing, she, her or hers, her; Plur. they, their or theirs, them."--Iid. "So shall ye serve strangers in a land that is not yours."--ALGER, BRUCE, ET AL.; Jer., v, 19. "Second person, Singular: Nom. thou, Poss. thy or thine, Obj. thee."--Frost cor. "Second person, Dual; Nom. Gyt, ye two; Gen. Incer, of you two; Dat. Inc, incrum, to you two; Acc. Inc, you two; Voc. Eala inc, O ye two; Abl. Inc, incrum, from you two."--Gwilt cor. "Second person, Plural: Nom. Ge, ye; Gen. Eower, of you; Dat. Eow, to you; Acc. Eow, you; Voc Eala ge, O ye; Abl. Eow, from you."--Id. "These words are, mine, thine, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs, and whose."--Cardell cor. "This house is ours, and that is yours. Theirs is very commodious."--Murray's Gram., p. 55. "And they shall eat up thy harvest, and thy bread; they shall eat up thy flocks and thy herds."--Bible cor. "Whoever and Whichever are thus declined: Sing. Nom. whoever, Poss. whosever, Obj. whomever; Plur. Nom. whoever, Poss. whosever, Obj. whomever. Sing. Nom. whichever, Poss. (wanting,) Obj. whichever; Plur. Nom. whichever, Poss. (wanting,) Obj. whichever."--Cooper cor. "The compound personal pronouns are thus declined: Sing. Nom. myself, Poss. (wanting,) Obj. myself; Plur. Nom. ourselves, Poss. (wanting,) Obj. ourselves. Sing. Nom. thyself or yourself, Poss. (wanting,) Obj. thyself, &c."--Perley cor. "Every one of us, each for himself, laboured to recover him."--Sidney cor. "Unless when ideas of their opposites manifestly suggest themselves."--Wright cor. "It not only exists in time, but is itself time." "A position which the action itself will palpably confute."--Id. "A difficulty sometimes presents itself."--Id. "They are sometimes explanations in themselves."--Id. "Ours, Yours, Theirs, Hers, Its."--Barrett cor.

"Theirs, the wild chase of false felicities; His, the composed possession of the true." --Young, N. Th., N. viii, l. 1100.

LESSON III.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"It is the boast of Americans, without distinction of parties, that their government is the most free and perfect that exists on the earth."--Dr. Allen cor. "Children that are dutiful to their parents, enjoy great prosperity."--Sanborn cor. "The scholar that improves his time, sets an example worthy of imitation."--Id. "Nouns and pronouns that signify the same person, place, or thing, agree in case."--Cooper cor. "An interrogative sentence is one that asks a question."--Id. "In the use of words and phrases that in point of time relate to each other, the order of time should be duly regarded."--Id. "The same observations that show the effect of the article upon the participle, appear to be applicable [also] to the pronoun and participle."--Murray cor. "The reason why they have not the same use of them in reading, may be traced to the very defective and erroneous method in which the art of reading is taught."--Id. "Ever since reason began to exert her powers, thought, during our waking hours, has been active in every breast, without a moment's suspension or pause."--Id. et al. cor. "In speaking of such as greatly delight in the same."--Pope cor. "Except him to whom the king shall hold out the golden sceptre, that he may live."--Bible cor. "But the same day on which Lot went out of Sodom, it rained fire and brimstone from heaven, and destroyed them all."--Bible cor. "In the next place, I will explain several constructions of nouns and pronouns, that have not yet come under our notice."--Kirkham cor. "Three natural distinctions of time are all that can exist."--Hall cor. "We have exhibited such only as are obviously distinct; and these seem to be sufficient, and not more than sufficient."--Murray et al. cor. "The parenthesis encloses a phrase or clause that may be omitted without materially injuring the connexion of the other members."--Hall cor. "Consonants are letters that cannot be sounded without the aid of a vowel."--Bucke cor. "Words are not mere sounds, but sounds that convey a meaning to the mind."--Id. "Nature's postures are always easy; and, what is more, nothing but your own will can put you out of them."--Collier cor. "Therefore ought we to examine our own selves, and prove our own selves."--Barclay cor. "Certainly, it had been much more natural, to have divided Active verbs into Immanent, or those whose action is terminated within itself, and Transient, or those whose action is terminated in something without itself."--R. Johnson cor. "This is such an advantage as no other lexicon will afford."--Dr. Taylor cor. "For these reasons, such liberties are taken in the Hebrew tongue, with those words which are of the most general and frequent use."--Pike cor. "While we object to the laws which the antiquarian in language would impose on us, we must also enter our protest against those authors who are too fond of innovations."--L. Murray cor.

CHAPTER VI.--VERBS.

CORRECTIONS IN THE FORMS OF VERBS.

LESSON I.--PRETERITS.

"In speaking on a matter which touched their hearts."--Phil. Museum cor. "Though Horace published it some time after."--Id. "The best subjects with which the Greek models furnished him."--Id. "Since he attached no thought to it."--Id. "By what slow steps the Greek alphabet reached its perfection."--Id. "Because Goethe wished to erect an affectionate memorial."--Id. "But the Saxon forms soon dropped away."--Id. "It speaks of all the towns that perished in the age of Philip."--Id. "This enriched the written language with new words."--Id. "He merely furnished his friend with matter for laughter."--Id. "A cloud arose, and stopped the light."--Swift cor. "She slipped spadillo in her breast."--Id. "I guessed the hand."--Id. "The tyrant stripped me to the skin; My skin he flayed, my hair he cropped; At head and foot my body lopped."--Id. "I see the greatest owls in you, That ever screeched or ever flew."--Id. "I sat with delight, From morning till night."--Id. "Dick nimbly skipped the gutter."--Id. "In at the pantry door this morn I slipped."--Id." Nobody living ever touched me, but you."--W. Walker cor. "Present, I ship; Preterit, I shipped; Perf. Participle, shipped."--A. Murray cor. "Then the king arose, and tore his garments."--Bible cor. "When he lifted up his foot, he knew not where he should set it next."--Bunyan cor. "He lifted up his spear against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time."--Bible cor. "Upon this chaos rode the distressed ark."--Burnet cor. "On whose foolish honesty, my practices rode easy."--Shakspeare cor. "That form of the first or primogenial Earth, which rose immediately out of chaos."--Burnet cor. "Sir, how came it, you have helped to make this rescue?"--Shak. cor. "He swore he would rather lose all his father's images, than that table."--Peacham cor. "When our language dropped its ancient terminations."--Dr. Murray cor. "When themselves they vilified."--Milton cor. "But I chose rather to do thus."--Barclay cor. "When he pleaded (or pled) against the parsons."--Hist. cor. "And he that saw it, bore record." Or: "And he that saw it, bare record."--John, xix, 35. "An irregular verb has one more variation; as, drive, drivest, [driveth,] drives, drove, drovest, driving, driven."--Matt. Harrison cor. "Beside that village, Hannibal pitched his camp."--W. Walker cor. "He fetched it from Tmolus."--Id. "He supped with his morning-gown on."--Id. "There stamped her sacred name."--Barlow cor.

"Fix'd[530] on the view the great discoverer stood; And thus address'd the messenger of good."--Barlow cor.

LESSON II.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"Three freemen were on trial"--or, "were receiving their trial--at the date of our last information."--Editor cor. "While the house was building, many of the tribe arrived."--Cox cor. "But a foundation has been laid in Zion, and the church is built--(or, continues to be built--) upon it."--The Friend cor. "And one fourth of the people are receiving education."--E. I. Mag. cor. "The present [tense,] or that [form of the verb] which [expresses what] is now doing."--Beck cor. "A new church, called the Pantheon, is about being completed, in an expensive style."--Thompson cor. "When I last saw him, he had grown considerably."--Murray cor. "I know what a rugged and dangerous path I have got into."--Duncan cor. "You might as well preach ease to one on the rack."--Locke cor. "Thou hast heard me, and hast become my salvation."--Bible cor. "While the Elementary Spelling-Book was preparing (or, was in progress of preparation) for the press."--Cobb cor. "Language has become, in modern times, more correct."--Jamieson cor. "If the plan has been executed in any measure answerable to the author's wishes."--Robbins cor. "The vial of wrath is still pouring out on the seat of the beast."--Christian Ex. cor. "Christianity had become the generally-adopted and established religion of the whole Roman Empire."--Gurney cor. "Who wrote before the first century had elapsed."--Id. "The original and analogical form has grown quite obsolete."--Lowth cor. "Their love, and their hatred, and their envy, have perished."--Murray cor. "The poems had got abroad, and were in a great many hands."--Waller cor. "It is more harmonious, as well as more correct, to say, 'The bubble is ready to burst.'"--Cobbett cor. "I drove my suitor from his mad humour of love."--Shak. cor. "Se viriliter expedivit."--Cic. "He has played the man."--Walker cor. "Wilt thou kill me, as thou didst the Egyptian yesterday?"--Bible cor. "And we, methought, [or thought I] looked up to him from our hill"--Cowley cor. "I fear thou dost not think so much of the best things as thou ought."--Memoir cor. "When this work was commenced."--Wright cor. "Exercises and a Key to this work are about being prepared."--Id. "James is loved by John."--Id. "Or that which is exhibited."--Id. "He was smitten."--Id. "In the passive voice we say, 'I am loved.'"--Id. "Subjunctive Mood: If I be smitten, If thou be smitten, If he be smitten."--Id. "I shall not be able to convince you how superficial the reformation is."--Chalmers cor. "I said to myself, I shall be obliged to expose the folly."--Chazotte cor. "When Clodius, had he meant to return that day to Rome, must have arrived."--J. Q. Adams cor. "That the fact has been done, is doing, or will be done."--Peirce cor. "Am I to be instructed?"--Wright cor. "I choose him."--Id. "John, who respected his father, was obedient to his commands."--Barrett cor.

"The region echoes to the clash of arms."--Beattie cor.

"And sitst on high, and mak'st creation's top Thy footstool; and beholdst below thee--all."--Pollok cor.

"And see if thou canst punish sin and let Mankind go free. Thou failst--be not surprised."--Idem.

LESSON III--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"What follows, might better have been wanting altogether."--Dr. Blair cor. "This member of the sentence might much better have been omitted altogether."--Id. "One or the other of them, therefore, might better have been omitted."--Id. "The whole of this last member of the sentence might better have been dropped."--Id. "In this case, they might much better be omitted."--Id. "He might better have said 'the productions.'"--Id. "The Greeks ascribed the origin of poetry to Orpheus, Linus, and Musæus."--Id. "It was noticed long ago, that all these fictitious names have the same number of syllables."--Phil. Museum cor. "When I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death, I determined to send him."--Bible cor. "I would rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God."--Id. "As for such, I wish the Lord would open their eyes." Or, better: "May the Lord open (or, I pray the Lord to open) their eyes."--Barclay cor. "It would have made our passage over the river very difficult."--Walley cor. "We should not have been able to carry our great guns."--Id. "Others would have questioned our prudence, if we had."--Id. "Beware thou be not BECÆSARED; i.e., Beware that thou do not dwindle--or, lest thou dwindle--into a mere Cæsar."--Harris cor. "Thou raisedst (or, familiarly, thou raised) thy voice to record the stratagems of needy heroes."--Arbuthnot cor. "Life hurries off apace; thine is almost gone already."--Collier cor. "'How unfortunate has this accident made me!' cries such a one."--Id. "The muse that soft and sickly woos the ear."--Pollok cor. "A man might better relate himself to a statue."--Bacon cor. "I heard thee say but now, thou liked not that."--Shak. cor. "In my whole course of wooing, thou criedst, (or, familiarly, thou cried,) Indeed!"--Id. "But our ears have grown familiar with 'I have wrote, 'I have drank,' &c., which are altogether as ungrammatical."--Lowth et al. cor. "The court was in session before Sir Roger came"--Addison cor. "She needs--(or, if you please, need,--) be no more with the jaundice possessed"--Swift cor. "Besides, you found fault with our victuals one day when you were here."--Id. "If spirit of other sort, So minded, hath (or has) o'erleaped these earthy bounds."--Milton cor. "It would have been more rational to have forborne this."--Barclay cor. "A student is not master of it till he has seen all these."--Dr. Murray cor. "The said justice shall summon the party."--Brevard cor. "Now what has become of thy former wit and humour?"--Spect. cor. "Young stranger, whither wanderst thou?"--Burns cor. "SUBJ. Pres. If I love, If thou love, If he love. Imp. If I loved, If thou loved, If he loved."--Merchant cor. "SUBJ. If I do not love, If thou do not love, If he do not love."--Id. "If he has committed sins, they shall be forgiven him."--Bible cor. "Subjunctive Mood of the verb to call, second person singular: If thou call, (rarely, If thou do call,) If thou called."--Hiley cor. "Subjunctive Mood of the verb to love, second person singular: If thou love, (rarely, If thou do love,) If thou loved."--Bullions cor. "I was; thou wast; he, she, or it, was: We, you or ye, they, were."--White cor. "I taught, thou taughtest, (familiarly, thou taught,) he taught."-- Coar cor. "We say, 'If it rain,' 'Suppose it rain?' 'Lest it rain,' 'Unless it rain.' This manner of speaking is called the SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD."--Weld cor. "He has arrived at what is deemed the age of manhood."--Priestley cor. "He might much better have let it alone."--Tooke cor. "He were better without it. Or: He would be better without it."--Locke cor. "Hadst thou not been by. Or: If thou hadst not been by. Or, in the familiar style: Had not thou been by,"--Shak. cor. "I learned geography. Thou learned arithmetic. He learned grammar."--Fuller cor. "Till the sound has ceased."--Sheridan cor. "Present, die; Preterit, died; Perf. Participle, died."--Six English Grammars corrected.

"Thou bow'dst thy glorious head to none, fear'dst none." Or:-- "Thou bowed thy glorious head to none, feared none." --Pollok cor.

"Thou lookst upon thy boy as though thou guess'd it." --Knowles cor.

"As once thou slept, while she to life was formed." --Milton cor.

"Who finds the partridge in the puttock's nest, But may imagine how the bird was killed?" --Shak. cor.

"Which might have well become the best of men." --Idem cor.

CHAPTER VII.--PARTICIPLES.

CORRECTIONS IN THE FORMS OF PARTICIPLES.

LESSON I.--IRREGULARS.

"Many of your readers have mistaken that passage."--Steele cor. "Had not my dog of a steward run away."--Addison cor. "None should be admitted, except he had broken his collarbone thrice."--Id. "We could not know what was written at twenty."--Waller cor. "I have written, thou hast written, he has written; we have written, you have written, they have written."--Ash cor. "As if God had spoken his last words there to his people."--Barclay cor. "I had like to have come in that ship myself."--Observer cor. "Our ships and vessels being driven out of the harbour by a storm."--Hutchinson cor. "He will endeavour to write as the ancient author would have written, had he written in the same language."--Bolingbroke cor. "When his doctrines grew too strong to be shaken by his enemies."--Atterbury cor. "The immortal mind that hath forsaken her mansion."--Milton cor. "Grease that's sweated (or sweat) from the murderer's gibbet, throw into the flame."--Shak. cor. "The court also was chidden (or chid) for allowing such questions to be put."--Stone cor. "He would have spoken."--Milton cor. "Words interwoven (or interweaved) with sighs found out their way."--Id. "Those kings and potentates who have strived (or striven.)"--Id. "That even Silence was taken."--Id. "And envious Darkness, ere they could return, had stolen them from me."--Id. "I have chosen this perfect man."--Id. "I shall scarcely think you have swum in a gondola."--Shak. cor. "The fragrant brier was woven (or weaved) between."--Dryden cor. "Then finish what you have begun."--Id. "But now the years a numerous train have run."--Pope cor. "Repeats your verses written (or writ) on glasses."--Prior cor. "Who by turns have risen."--Id. "Which from great authors I have taken."--Id. "Even there he should have fallen."--Id.

"The sun has ris'n, and gone to bed. Just as if Partridge were not dead."--Swift cor.

"And, though no marriage words are spoken, They part not till the ring is broken."--Swift cor.

LESSON II.--REGULARS.

"When the word is stripped of all the terminations."--Dr. Murray cor. "Forgive him, Tom; his head is cracked."--Swift cor. "For 'tis the sport, to have the engineer hoised (or hoisted) with his own petar."--Shak. cor. "As great as they are, I was nursed by their mother."--Swift cor. "If he should now be cried down since his change."--Id. "Dipped over head and ears--in debt."--Id. "We see the nation's credit cracked."--Id. "Because they find their pockets picked."--Id. "O what a pleasure mixed with pain!"--Id. "And only with her brother linked."--Id. "Because he ne'er a thought allowed, That might not be confessed."--Id. "My love to Sheelah is more firmly fixed."--Id. "The observations annexed to them will be intelligible."--Phil. Mus. cor. "Those eyes are always fixed on the general principles."--Id. "Laborious conjectures will be banished from our commentaries."--Id. "Tiridates was dethroned, and Phraates was reestablished, in his stead."--Id. "A Roman who was attached to Augustus."--Id. "Nor should I have spoken of it, unless Baxter had talked about two such."--Id. "And the reformers of language have generally rushed on."--Id. "Three centuries and a half had then elapsed since the date,"--Ib. "Of such criteria, as has been remarked already, there is an abundance."--Id. "The English have surpassed every other nation in their services."--Id. "The party addressed is next in dignity to the speaker."--Harris cor. "To which we are many times helped."--W. Walker cor. "But for him, I should have looked well enough to myself."--Id. "Why are you vexed, Lady? why do frown?"--Milton cor. "Obtruding false rules pranked in reason's garb."--Id. "But, like David equipped in Saul's armour, it is encumbered and oppressed."--Campbell cor.

"And when their merchants are blown up, and cracked, Whole towns are cast away in storms, and wrecked."--Butler cor.

LESSON III.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"The lands are held in free and common soccage."--Trumbull cor. "A stroke is drawn under such words."--Cobbett's Gr., 1st Ed. "It is struck even, with a strickle."--W. Walker cor. "Whilst I was wandering, without any care, beyond my bounds."--Id. "When one would do something, unless hindered by something present."--B. Johnson cor. "It is used potentially, but not so as to be rendered by these signs."--Id. "Now who would dote upon things hurried down the stream thus fast?"--Collier cor. "Heaven hath timely tried their growth."--Milton cor. "O! ye mistook, ye should have snatched his wand."--Id. "Of true virgin here distressed."--Id. "So that they have at last come to be substituted in the stead of it."--Barclay cor. "Though ye have lain among the pots."--Bible cor. "And, lo! in her mouth was an olive leaf plucked off."--Scott's Bible, and Alger's. "Brutus and Cassius Have ridden, (or rode,) like madmen, through the gates of Rome."--Shak. cor. "He shall be spit upon."--Bible cor. "And are not the countries so overflowed still situated between the tropics?"--Bentley. "Not tricked and frounced as she was wont, But kerchiefed in a comely cloud."--Milton cor. "To satisfy his rigour, Satisfied never."--Id. "With him there crucified."--Id. "Th' earth cumbered, and the wing'd air darked with plumes."--Id. "And now their way to Earth they had descried."--Id. "Not so thick swarmed once the soil Bedropped with blood of Gorgon."--Id. "And in a troubled sea of passion tossed."--Id. "The cause, alas! is quickly guessed."--Swift cor. "The kettle to the top was hoised, or hoisted."--Id. "In chains thy syllables are linked."--Id. "Rather than thus be overtopped, Would you not wish their laurels cropped."--Id. "The HYPHEN, or CONJOINER, is a little line drawn to connect words, or parts of words."--Cobbett cor. "In the other manners of dependence, this general rule is sometimes broken."--R. Johnson cor. "Some intransitive verbs may be rendered transitive by means of a preposition prefixed to them."--Grant cor. "Whoever now should place the accent on the first syllable of Valerius, would set every body a laughing."--J. Walker cor. "Being mocked, scourged, spit upon, and crucified."--Gurney cor.

"For rhyme in Greece or Rome was never known, Till barb'rous hordes those states had overthrown."--Roscommon cor.

"In my own Thames may I be drowned, If e'er I stoop beneath the crowned." Or thus:-- "In my own Thames may I be drown'd dead, If e'er I stoop beneath a crown'd head."--Swift cor.

CHAPTER VIII.--ADVERBS.

CORRECTIONS RESPECTING THE FORMS OF ADVERBS.

"We can much more easily form the conception of a fierce combat."--Blair corrected. "When he was restored agreeably to the treaty, he was a perfect savage."--Webster cor. "How I shall acquit myself suitably to the importance of the trial."--Duncan cor. "Can any thing show your Holiness how unworthily you treat mankind?"--Spect. cor. "In what other, consistently with reason and common sense, can you go about to explain it to him?"--Lowth cor. "Agreeably to this rule, the short vowel Sheva has two characters."--Wilson cor. "We shall give a remarkably fine example of this figure."--See Blair's Rhet., p. 156. "All of which is most abominably false."--Barclay cor. "He heaped up great riches, but passed his time miserably."--Murray cor. "He is never satisfied with expressing any thing clearly and simply."--Dr. Blair cor. "Attentive only to exhibit his ideas clearly and exactly, he appears dry."--Id. "Such words as have the most liquids and vowels, glide the most softly." Or: "Where liquids and vowels most abound, the utterance is softest."--Id. "The simplest points, such as are most easily apprehended."--Id. "Too historical to be accounted a perfectly regular epic poem."--Id. "Putting after them the oblique case, agreeably to the French construction."--Priestley cor. "Where the train proceeds with an extremely slow pace."--Kames cor. "So as scarcely to give an appearance of succession."--Id. "That concord between sound and sense, which is perceived in some expressions, independently of artful pronunciation."--Id. "Cornaro had become very corpulent, previously to the adoption of his temperate habits."--Hitchcock cor. "Bread, which is a solid, and tolerably hard, substance."--Day cor. "To command every body that was not dressed as finely as himself."--Id. "Many of them have scarcely outlived their authors."--J. Ward cor. "Their labour, indeed, did not penetrate very deeply."--Wilson cor. "The people are miserably poor, and subsist on fish."--Hume cor. "A scale, which I took great pains, some years ago, to make."--Bucke cor. "There is no truth on earth better established than the truth of the Bible."--Taylor cor. "I know of no work more wanted than the one which Mr. Taylor has now furnished."--Dr. Nott cor. "And therefore their requests are unfrequent and reasonable."--Taylor cor. "Questions are more easily proposed, than answered rightly."--Dillwyn cor. "Often reflect on the advantages you possess, and on the source from which they are all derived."--Murray cor. "If there be no special rule which requires it to be put further forward."--Milnes cor. "The masculine and the neuter have the same dialect in all the numbers, especially when they end alike."--Id.

"And children are more busy in their play Than those that wiseliest pass their time away."--Butler cor.

CHAPTER IX.--CONJUNCTIONS.

CORRECTIONS IN THE USE OF CONJUNCTIONS.

"A Verb is so called from the Latin verbum, a word."--Bucke cor. "References are often marked by letters or figures."--Adam and Gould cor. (1.) "A Conjunction is a word which joins words or sentences together."--Lennie, Bullions and Brace, cor. (2.) "A Conjunction is used to connect words or sentences together."--R. C. Smith cor. (3.) "A Conjunction is used to connect words or sentences."--Maunder cor. (4.) "Conjunctions are words used to join words or sentences."--Wilcox cor. (5.) "A Conjunction is a word used to connect words or sentences."--M'Culloch, Hart, and Day, cor. (6.) "A Conjunction joins words or sentences together."--Macintosh and Hiley cor. (7.) "The Conjunction joins words or sentences together."--L. Murray cor. (8.) "Conjunctions connect words or sentences to each other."--Wright cor. (9.) "Conjunctions connect words or sentences."--Wells and Wilcox cor. (10.) "The conjunction is a part of speech, used to connect words or sentences."--Weld cor. (11.) "A conjunction is a word used to connect words or sentences together."--Fowler cor. (12.) "Connectives are particles that unite words or sentences in construction."--Webster cor. "English Grammar is miserably taught in our district schools; the teachers know little or nothing about it."--J. O. Taylor cor. "Lest, instead of preventing diseases, you draw them on."--Locke cor. "The definite article the is frequently applied to adverbs in the comparative or the superlative degree."--Murray et al. cor. "When nouns naturally neuter are assumed to be masculine or feminine."--Murray cor. "This form of the perfect tense represents an action as completely past, though often as done at no great distance of time, or at a time not specified."--Id. "The Copulative Conjunction serves to connect words or clauses, so as to continue a sentence, by expressing an addition, a supposition, a cause, or a consequence."--Id. "The Disjunctive Conjunction serves, not only to continue a sentence by connecting its parts, but also to express opposition of meaning, either real or nominal."--Id. "If we open the volumes of our divines, philosophers, historians, or artists, we shall find that they abound with all the terms necessary to communicate the observations and discoveries of their authors."--Id. "When a disjunctive conjunction occurs between a singular noun or pronoun and a plural one, the verb is made to agree with the plural noun or pronoun."--Murray et al. cor. "Pronouns must always agree with their antecedents, or the nouns for which they stand, in gender and number."--Murray cor. "Neuter verbs do not express action, and consequently do not govern nouns or pronouns."--Id. "And the auxiliary of the past imperfect as well as of the present tense."--Id. "If this rule should not appear to apply to every example that has been produced, or to others which might be cited."--Id. "An emphatical pause is made, after something of peculiar moment has been said, on which we desire to fix the hearer's attention."--Murray and Hart cor. "An imperfect[531] phrase contains no assertion, and does not amount to a proposition, or sentence."--Murray cor. "The word was in the mouth of every one, yet its meaning may still be a secret."--Id. "This word was in the mouth of every one, and yet, as to its precise and definite idea, this may still be a secret,"--Harris cor. "It cannot be otherwise, because the French prosody differs from that of every other European language."--Smollet cor. "So gradually that it may be engrafted on a subtonic."--Rush cor. "Where the Chelsea and Malden bridges now are." Or better: "Where the Chelsea or the Malden bridge now is."--Judge Parker cor. "Adverbs are words added to verbs, to participles, to adjectives, or to other adverbs."--R. C. Smith cor. "I could not have told you who the hermit was, or on what mountain he lived."--Bucke cor. "AM and BE (for they are the same verb) naturally, or in themselves, signify being."--Brightland cor. "Words are signs, either oral or written, by which we express our thoughts, or ideas."--Mrs. Bethune cor. "His fears will detect him, that he shall not escape."--Comly cor. "Whose is equally applicable to persons and to things"--Webster cor. "One negative destroys an other, so that two are equivalent to an affirmative."--Bullions cor.

"No sooner does he peep into the world, Than he has done his do."--Hudibras cor.

CHAPTER X.--PREPOSITIONS.

CORRECTIONS IN THE USE OF PREPOSITIONS.

"Nouns are often formed from participles."--L. Murray corrected. "What tenses are formed from the perfect participle?"--Ingersoll cor. "Which tense is formed from the present, or root of the verb?"--Id. "When a noun or a pronoun is placed before a participle, independently of the rest of the sentence."--Churchill's Gram., p. 348. "If the addition consists of two or more words."--Mur. et al. cor. "The infinitive mood is often made absolute, or used independently of the rest of the sentence."--Lowth's Gram., 80; Churchill's, 143; Bucke's, 96; Merchant's, 92. "For the great satisfaction of the reader, we shall present a variety of false constructions."--Murray cor. "For your satisfaction, I shall present you a variety of false constructions."-- Ingersoll cor. "I shall here present [to] you a scale of derivation."-- Bucke cor. "These two manners of representation in respect to number."--Lowth and Churchill cor. "There are certain adjectives which seem to be derived from verbs, without any variation."--Lowth cor. "Or disqualify us for receiving instruction or reproof from others."--Murray cor. "For being more studious than any other pupil in the school."-- Id. "Misunderstanding the directions, we lost our way."--Id. "These people reduced the greater part of the island under their own power."-- Id. "The principal accent distinguishes one syllable of a word from the rest."--Id. "Just numbers are in unison with the human mind."--Id. "We must accept of sound in stead of sense."--Id. "Also, in stead of consultation, he uses consult."--Priestley cor. "This ablative seems to be governed by a preposition understood."--W. Walker cor. "Lest my father hear of it, by some means or other."--Id. "And, besides, my wife would hear of it by some means."--Id. "For insisting on a requisition so odious to them."--Robertson cor. "Based on the great self-evident truths of liberty and equality."--Manual cor. "Very little knowledge of their nature is acquired from the spelling-book."--Murray cor. "They do not cut it off: except from a few words; as, due, duly, &c."--Id. "Whether passing at such time, or then finished."--Lowth cor. "It hath disgusted hundreds with that confession."--Barclay cor. "But they have egregiously fallen into that inconveniency."--Id. "For is not this, to set nature at work?"--Id. "And, surely, that which should set all its springs at work, is God."--Atterbury cor. "He could not end his treatise without a panegyrie on modern learning."--Temple cor. "These are entirely independent of the modulation of the voice."--J. Walker cor. "It is dear at a penny. It is cheap at twenty pounds."--W. Walker cor. "It will be despatched, on most occasions, without resting."--Locke cor. "Oh the pain, the bliss of dying!"--Pope. "When the objects or the facts are presented to him."--R. C. Smith cor. "I will now present you a synopsis."--Id. "The disjunctive conjunction connects words or sentences, and suggests an opposition of meaning, more or less direct."--Id. "I shall now present to you a few lines."--Bucke cor. "Common names, or substantives, are those which stand for things assorted."--Id. "Adjectives, in the English language, are not varied by genders, numbers, or cases; their only inflection is for the degrees of comparison."--Id. "Participles are [little more than] adjectives formed from verbs."--Id. "I do love to walk out on a fine summer evening."--Id. "Ellipsis, when applied to grammar, is the elegant omission of one or more words of a sentence."--Merchant cor. "The preposition to is generally required before verbs in the infinitive mood, but after the following verbs it is properly omitted; namely, bid, dare, feel, need, let, make, hear, see: as, 'He bid me do it;' not, 'He bid me to do it.'"--Id. "The infinitive sometimes follows than, for the latter term of a comparison; as, ['Murray should have known better than to write, and Merchant, better than to copy, the text here corrected, or the ambiguous example they appended to it.']"--Id. "Or, by prefixing the adverb more or less, for the comparative, and most or least, for the superlative."--Id. "A pronoun is a word used in stead of a noun."--Id. "From monosyllables, the comparative is regularly formed by adding r or er."--Perley cor. "He has particularly named these, in distinction from others."--Harris cor. "To revive the decaying taste for ancient literature."--Id. "He found the greatest difficulty in writing."--Hume cor.

"And the tear, that is wiped with a little address, May be followed perhaps by a smile."--Cowper, i, 216.

CHAPTER XI.--INTERJECTIONS.

CORRECTIONS IN THE USE OF INTERJECTIONS.

"Of chance or change, O let not man complain."--Beattie's Minstrel, B. ii, l. 1. "O thou persecutor! O ye hypocrites!"--Russell's Gram., p. 92. "O thou my voice inspire, Who touch'd Isaiah's hallow'd lips with fire!"--Pope's Messiah. "O happy we! surrounded by so many blessings!"--Merchant cor. "O thou who art so unmindful of thy duty!"--Id. "If I am wrong, O teach my heart To find that better way."--Murray's Reader, p. 248. "Heus! evocate huc Davum."--Ter. "Ho! call Davus out hither."--W. Walker cor. "It was represented by an analogy (O how inadequate!) which was borrowed from the ceremonies of paganism."--Murray cor. "O that Ishmael might live before thee!"--Friends' Bible, and Scott's. "And he said unto him, O let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak."--Alger's Bible, and Scott's. "And he said, O let not the Lord be angry."--Alger; Gen., xviii. 32. "O my Lord, let thy servant, I pray thee, speak a word."--Scott's Bible. "O Virtue! how amiable thou art!"--Murray's Gram., p. 128. "Alas! I fear for life."--See Ib. "Ah me! they little know How dearly I abide that boast so vain!"--See Bucke's Gram., p. 87. "O that I had digged myself a cave!"--Fletcher cor. "Oh, my good lord! thy comfort comes too late."--Shak. cor. "The vocative takes no article: it is distinguished thus: O Pedro! O Peter! O Dios! O God!"--Bucke cor. "Oho! But, the relative is always the same."--Cobbett cor. "All-hail, ye happy men!"--Jaudon cor. "O that I had wings like a dove!'--Scott's Bible. "O glorious hope! O bless'd abode!"--O. B. Peirce's Gram., p. 304. "Welcome friends! how joyous is your presence!"--T. Smith cor. "O blissful days!--but, ah! how soon ye pass!"--Parker and Fox cor.

"O golden days! O bright unvalued hours!-- What bliss, did ye but know that bliss, were yours!"--Barbauld cor.

"Ah me! what perils do environ The man that meddles with cold iron!"--Hudibras cor.

THE KEY.--PART III.--SYNTAX.

CHAPTER I.--SENTENCES.

The first chapter of Syntax, being appropriated to general views of this part of grammar, to an exhibition of its leading doctrines, and to the several forms of sentential analysis, with an application of its principal rules in parsing, contains no false grammar for correction; and has, of course, nothing to correspond to it, in this Key, except the title, which is here inserted for form's sake.

CHAPTER II.--ARTICLES.

CORRECTIONS UNDER THE NOTES TO RULE I.

UNDER NOTE I.--AN OR A.

"I have seen a horrible thing in the house of Israel."--Bible cor. "There is a harshness in the following sentences."--Murray's Gram., 8vo, p. 152. "Indeed, such a one is not to be looked for."--Dr. Blair cor. "If each of you will be disposed to approve himself a useful citizen."--Id. "Land with them had acquired almost a European value."--Webster cor. "He endeavoured to find out a wholesome remedy."--Neef cor. "At no time have we attended a yearly meeting more to our own satisfaction."--The Friend cor. "Addison was not a humorist in character."--Kames cor. "Ah me! what a one was he!"--Lily cor. "He was such a one as I never saw before"--Id. "No man can be a good preacher, who is not a useful one."--Dr. Blair cor. "A usage which is too frequent with Mr. Addison."--Id. "Nobody joins the voice of a sheep with the shape of a horse."--Locke cor. "A universality seems to be aimed at by the omission of the article."--Priestley cor. "Architecture is a useful as well as a fine art."--Kames cor. "Because the same individual conjunctions do not preserve a uniform signification."-- Nutting cor. "Such a work required the patience and assiduity of a hermit."--Johnson cor. "Resentment is a union of sorrow with malignity."--Id. "His bravery, we know, was a high courage of blasphemy."--Pope cor. "HYSSOP; an herb of bitter taste."--Pike cor.

"On each enervate string they taught the note To pant, or tremble through a eunuch's throat."--Pope cor.

UNDER NOTE II.--AN OR A WITH PLURALS.

"At a session of the court, in March, it was moved," &c.--Hutchinson cor. "I shall relate my conversations, of which I kept memoranda."--D. D'Ab. cor. "I took an other dictionary, and with a pair of scissors cut out, for instance, the word ABACUS."--A. B. Johnson cor. "A person very meet seemed he for the purpose, and about forty-five years old."--Gardiner cor. "And it came to pass, about eight days after these sayings."--Bible cor. "There were slain of them about three thousand men."--1 Macc. cor. "Until I had gained the top of these white mountains, which seemed other Alps of snow."--Addison cor. "To make them satisfactory amends for all the losses they had sustained."--Goldsmith cor. "As a first-fruit of many that shall be gathered."--Barclay cor. "It makes indeed a little amend, (or some amends,) by inciting us to oblige people."--Sheffield cor. "A large and lightsome back stairway (or flight of backstairs) leads up to an entry above."--Id. "Peace of mind is an abundant recompense for any sacrifices of interest."--Murray et al. cor. "With such a spirit, and such sentiments, were hostilities carried on."--Robertson cor. "In the midst of a thick wood, he had long lived a voluntary recluse."--G. B. "The flats look almost like a young forest."--Chronicle cor. "As we went on, the country for a little way improved, but scantily."--Freeman cor. "Whereby the Jews were permitted to return into their own country, after a captivity of seventy years at Babylon."--Rollin cor. "He did not go a great way into the country."--Gilbert cor.

"A large amend by fortune's hand is made, And the lost Punic blood is well repay'd."--Rowe cor.

UNDER NOTE III.--NOUNS CONNECTED.

"As where a landscape is conjoined with the music of birds, and the odour of flowers."--Kames cor. "The last order resembles the second in the mildness of its accent, and the softness of its pause."--Id. "Before the use of the loadstone, or the knowledge of the compass."--Dryden cor. "The perfect participle and the imperfect tense ought not to be confounded."--Murray cor. "In proportion as the taste of a poet or an orator becomes more refined."--Blair cor. "A situation can never be more intricate, so long as there is an angel, a devil, or a musician, to lend a helping hand."--Kames cor. "Avoid rude sports: an eye is soon lost, or a bone broken."--Inst., p. 262. "Not a word was uttered, nor a sign given."--Ib. "I despise not the doer, but the deed."--Ib. "For the sake of an easier pronunciation and a more agreeable sound."--Lowth cor. "The levity as well as the loquacity of the Greeks made them incapable of keeping up the true standard of history."-- Bolingbroke cor.

UNDER NOTE IV.--ADJECTIVES CONNECTED.

"It is proper that the vowels be a long and a short one."--Murray cor. "Whether the person mentioned was seen by the speaker a long or a short time before."--Id. et al. "There are three genders; the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter."--Adam cor. "The numbers are two; the singular and the plural."--Id. et al. "The persons are three; the first, the second, and the third."--Iidem. "Nouns and pronouns have three cases; the nominative, the possessive, and the objective."-- Comly and Ing. cor. "Verbs have five moods; namely, the infinitive, the indicative, the potential, the subjunctive, and the imperative."-- Bullions et al. cor. "How many numbers have pronouns? Two, the singular and the plural."--Bradley cor. "To distinguish between an interrogative and an exclamatory sentence."--Murray et al. cor. "The first and the last of which are compound members."--Lowth cor. "In the last lecture, I treated of the concise and the diffuse, the nervous and the feeble manner."--Blair cor. "The passive and the neuter verbs I shall reserve for some future conversation."--Ingersoll cor. "There are two voices; the active and the passive."--Adam et al. cor. "WHOSE is rather the poetical than the regular genitive of WHICH."--Johnson cor. "To feel the force of a compound or a derivative word."--Town cor. "To preserve the distinctive uses of the copulative and the disjunctive conjunctions."--Murray et al. cor. "E has a long and a short sound in most languages."--Bicknell cor. "When the figurative and the literal sense are mixed and jumbled together."--Dr. Blair cor. "The Hebrew, with which the Canaanitish and the Phoenician stand in connexion."--Conant and Fowler cor. "The languages of Scandinavia proper, the Norwegian and the Swedish."--Fowler cor.

UNDER NOTE V.--ADJECTIVES CONNECTED.

"The path of truth is a plain and safe path."--Murray cor. "Directions for acquiring a just and happy elocution."--Kirkham cor. "Its leading object is, to adopt a correct and easy method."--Id. "How can it choose but wither in a long and sharp winter?"--Cowley cor. "Into a dark and distant unknown."--Dr. Chalmers cor. "When the bold and strong enslaved his fellow man."--Chazotte cor. "We now proceed to consider the things most essential to an accurate and perfect sentence."--Murray cor. "And hence arises a second and very considerable source of the improvement of taste."--Dr. Blair cor. "Novelty produces in the mind a vivid and agreeable emotion."--Id. "The deepest and bitterest feeling still is that of the separation."--Dr. M'Rie cor. "A great and good man looks beyond time."--See Brown's Inst., p. 263. "They made but a weak and ineffectual resistance."--Ib. "The light and worthless kernels will float."--Ib. "I rejoice that there is an other and better world."--Ib. "For he is determined to revise his work, and present to the public an other and better edition."--Kirkham cor. "He hoped that this title would secure to him an ample and independent authority."--L. Murray cor. et al. "There is, however, an other and more limited sense."--J. Q. Adams cor.

UNDER NOTE VI.--ARTICLES OR PLURALS.

"This distinction forms what are called the diffuse style and the concise."--Dr. Blair cor. "Two different modes of speaking, distinguished at first by the denominations of the Attic manner and the Asiatic."--Adams cor. "But the great design of uniting the Spanish and French monarchies under the former, was laid."--Bolingbroke cor. "In the solemn and poetic styles, it [do or did] is often rejected."--Allen cor. "They cannot be, at the same time, in both the objective case and the nominative." Or: "They cannot be, at the same time, in both the objective and the nominative case." Or: "They cannot be, at the same time, in the nominative case, and also in the objective." Or: "They cannot be, at the same time, in the nominative and objective cases."--Murray's Gram., 8vo, p. 148. Or, better: "They cannot be, at the same time, in both cases, the nominative and the objective."--Murray et al. cor. "They are named the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees."--Smart cor. "Certain adverbs are capable of taking an inflection; namely, that of the comparative and superlative degrees."--Fowler cor. "In the subjunctive mood, the present and imperfect tenses often carry with them a future sense."--Murray et al. cor. "The imperfect, the perfect, the pluperfect, and the first-future tense, of this mood, are conjugated like the same tenses of the indicative."--Kirkham bettered. "What rules apply in parsing personal pronouns of the second and third persons?"--Id. "Nouns are sometimes in the nominative or the objective case after the neuter verb be, or after an active-intransitive or a passive verb." "The verb varies its ending in the singular, in order to agree with its nominative, in the first, second, and third persons."--Id. "They are identical in effect with the radical and the vanishing stress."--Rush cor. "In a sonnet, the first, the fourth, the fifth, and the eighth line, usually rhyme to one an other: so do the second, third, sixth, and seventh lines; the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth lines; and the tenth, twelfth, and fourteenth lines."--Churchill cor. "The iron and golden ages are run; youth and manhood are departed."--Wright cor. "If, as you say, the iron and the golden age are past, the youth and the manhood of the world."--Id. "An Exposition of the Old and New Testaments."--Henry cor. "The names and order of the books of the Old and the New Testament."--Bible cor. "In the second and third persons of that tense."--Murray cor. "And who still unites in himself the human and the divine nature."--Gurney cor. "Among whom arose the Italian, Spanish, French, and English languages."--Murray cor. "Whence arise these two numbers, the singular and the plural."--Burn cor.

UNDER NOTE VII.--CORRESPONDENT TERMS.

"Neither the definitions nor the examples are entirely the same as his."--Ward cor. "Because it makes a discordance between the thought and the expression."--Kames cor. "Between the adjective and the following substantive."--Id. "Thus Athens became both the repository and the nursery of learning."--Chazotte cor. "But the French pilfered from both the Greek and the Latin."--Id. "He shows that Christ is both the power and the wisdom of God."--The Friend cor. "That he might be Lord both of the dead and of the living."--Bible cor. "This is neither the obvious nor the grammatical meaning of his words."--Blair cor. "Sometimes both the accusative and the infinitive are understood."--Adam and Gould cor. "In some cases, we can use either the nominative or the accusative, promiscuously."--Iidem. "Both the former and the latter substantive are sometimes to be understood."--Iidem. "Many of which have escaped both the commentator and the poet himself."--Pope cor. "The verbs MUST and OUGHT, have both a present and a past signification."--L. Murray cor. "How shall we distinguish between the friends and the enemies of the government?"--Dr. Webster cor. "Both the ecclesiastical and the secular powers concurred in those measures."--Dr. Campbell cor. "As the period has a beginning and an end within itself, it implies an inflection."--J. Q. Adams cor. "Such as ought to subsist between a principal and an accessory."--Ld. Kames cor.

UNDER NOTE VIII.--CORRESPONDENCE PECULIAR.

"When both the upward and the downward slide occur in the sound of one syllable, they are called a CIRCUMFLEX, or WAVE."--Kirkham cor. "The word THAT is used both in the nominative and in the objective case."--Sanborn cor. "But in all the other moods and tenses, both of the active and of the passive voice [the verbs] are conjugated at large."--Murray cor. "Some writers on grammar, admitting the second-future tense into the indicative mood, reject it from the subjunctive."--Id. "After the same conjunction, to use both the indicative and the subjunctive mood in the same sentence, and under the same circumstances, seems to be a great impropriety."--Id. "The true distinction between the subjunctive and the indicative mood in this tense."--Id. "I doubt of his capacity to teach either the French or the English language."--Chazotte cor. "It is as necessary to make a distinction between the active-transitive and the active-intransitive verb, as between the active and the passive."--Nixon cor.

UNDER NOTE IX.--A SERIES OF TERMS.

"As comprehending the terms uttered by the artist, the mechanic, and the husbandman."--Chazotte cor. "They may be divided into four classes; the Humanists, the Philanthropists, the Pestalozzians, and the Productives."--Smith cor. "Verbs have six tenses; the present, the imperfect, the perfect, the pluperfect, the first-future, and the second-future."--Murray et al. cor. "Is it an irregular neuter verb [from be, was, being, been; found in] the indicative mood, present tense, third person, and singular number."--Murray cor. "SHOULD GIVE is an irregular active-transitive verb [from give, gave, given, giving; found] in the potential mood, imperfect tense, first person, and plural number."--Id. "US is a personal pronoun, of the first person, plural number, masculine gender, and objective case."--Id. "THEM is a personal pronoun, of the third person, plural number, masculine gender, and objective case."--Id. "It is surprising that the Jewish critics, with all their skill in dots, points, and accents, never had the ingenuity to invent a point of interrogation, a point of admiration, or a parenthesis."--Dr. Wilson cor. "The fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth verses." Or: "The fifth, the sixth, the seventh, and the eighth verse."--O. B. Peirce cor. "Substitutes have three persons; the First, the Second, and the Third."--Id. "JOHN'S is a proper noun, of the third person, singular number, masculine gender, and possessive case: and is governed by 'WIFE,' according to Rule" [4th, which says, &c.]--Smith cor. "Nouns, in the English language, have three cases; the nominative, the possessive, and the objective."--Bar. and Alex. cor. "The potential mood has four tenses; viz., the present, the imperfect, the perfect, and the pluperfect."--Ingersoll cor.

"Where Science, Law, and Liberty depend, And own the patron, patriot, and friend."--Savage cor.

UNDER NOTE X.--SPECIES AND GENUS.

"The pronoun is a part of speech[532] put for the noun."--Paul's Ac. cor. "The verb is a part of speech declined with mood and tense."--Id. "The participle is a part of speech derived from the verb."--Id. "The adverb is a part of speech joined to verbs, [participles, adjectives, or other adverbs,] to declare their signification."--Id. "The conjunction is a part of speech that joins words or sentences together."--Id. "The preposition is a part of speech most commonly set before other parts."--Id. "The interjection is a part of speech which betokens a sudden emotion or passion of the mind."--Id. "The enigma, or riddle, is also a species of allegory."--Blair and Murray cor. "We may take from the Scriptures a very fine example of the allegory."--Iidem. "And thus have you exhibited a sort of sketch of art."--Harris cor. "We may 'imagine a subtle kind of reasoning,' as Mr. Harris acutely observes."--Churchill cor. "But, before entering on these, I shall give one instance of metaphor, very beautiful, (or, one very beautiful instance of metaphor,) that I may show the figure to full advantage."--Blair cor. "Aristotle, in his Poetics, uses metaphor in this extended sense, for any figurative meaning imposed upon a word; as the whole put for a part, or a part for the whole; a species for the genus, or the genus for a species."--Id. "It shows what kind of apple it is of which we are speaking."--Kirkham cor. "Cleon was an other sort of man."--Goldsmith cor. "To keep off his right wing, as a kind of reserved body."--Id. "This part of speech is called the verb."--Mack cor. "What sort of thing is it?"--Hiley cor. "What sort of charm do they possess?"--Bullions cor.

"Dear Welsted, mark, in dirty hole, That painful animal, the mole."--Dunciad cor.

UNDER NOTE XI.--ARTICLES NOT REQUISITE.

"Either thou or the boys were in fault."--Comly cor. "It may, at first view, appear to be too general."--Murray et al. cor. "When the verb has reference to future time."--Iidem. "No; they are the language of imagination, rather than of passion."--Blair cor. "The dislike of English Grammar, which has so generally prevailed, can be attributed only to the intricacy of [our] syntax."--Russell cor. "Is that ornament in good taste?"--Kames cor. "There are not many fountains in good taste." Or: "Not many fountains are [ornamented] in good taste."--Id. "And I persecuted this way unto death."--Bible cor. "The sense of feeling can, indeed, give us a notion of extension."--Addison, Spect., No. 411. "The distributive adjectives, each, every, either, agree with nouns, pronouns, or verbs, of the singular number only."--Murray cor. "Expressing by one word, what might, by a circumlocution, be resolved into two or more words belonging to other parts of speech."--Blair cor. "By certain muscles which operate [in harmony, and] all at the same time."--Murray cor. "It is sufficient here to have observed thus much in general concerning them."--Campbell cor. "Nothing disgusts us sooner than empty pomp of language."--Murray cor.

UNDER NOTE XII.--TITLES AND NAMES.

"He is entitled to the appellation of gentleman."--G. Brown. "Cromwell assumed the title of Protector"--Id. "Her father is honoured with the title of Earl."--Id. "The chief magistrate is styled President."-- Id. "The highest title in the state is that of Governor."--Id. "That boy is known by the name of Idler."--Murray cor. "The one styled Mufti, is the head of the ministers of law and religion."--Balbi cor. "Ranging all that possessed them under one class, he called that whole class tree."--Blair cor. "For oak, pine, and ash, were names of whole classes of objects."--Id. "It is of little importance whether we give to some particular mode of expression the name of trope, or of figure."--Id. "The collision of a vowel with itself is the most ungracious of all combinations, and has been doomed to peculiar reprobation under the name of hiatus."--Adams cor. "We hesitate to determine, whether Tyrant alone is the nominative, or whether the nominative includes the word Spy."--Cobbett cor. "Hence originated the customary abbreviation of twelve months into twelvemonth; of seven nights into sennight; of fourteen nights into fortnight."--Webster cor.