CHAPTER XVIII · Part 2

[Footnote 1371: See _ante_, p. 132.]

[Footnote 1372: State Dept., Eng., Vol. 82, No. 360. Adams to Seward, April 2, 1863.]

[Footnote 1373: May 5, 1863.]

[Footnote 1374: _U. S. Diplomatic Correspondence_, 1863, Pt. I, p. 243. Adams to Seward, May 7, 1863.]

[Footnote 1375: Robertson, _Speeches of John Bright_, I, p. 264. In a letter to Bigelow, March 16, 1863, Bright estimated that there were seven millions of men of twenty-one years of age and upward in the United Kingdom, of whom slightly over one million had the vote. (Bigelow, _Retrospections_, I, p. 610.)]

[Footnote 1376: July 2, 1863. The editorial was written in connection with Roebuck's motion for mediation and is otherwise interesting for an attempt to characterize each of the speakers in the Commons.]

[Footnote 1377: _U. S. Diplomatic Correspondence, 1863_, Part I, p. 319. To Seward, July 23, 1863.]

[Footnote 1378: See _ante_, p. 130, _note_ 2.]

[Footnote 1379: MS. letter, Sept. 8, 1863, in possession of C. F. Adams, Jr.]

[Footnote 1380: Sept. 24, 1863.]

[Footnote 1381: Even the friendly Russian Minister in Washington was at this time writing of the "rule of the mob" in America and trusting that the war, "the result of democracy," would serve as a warning to Europe. (Russian Archives, Stoeckl to F. O., Nov. 29-Dec. 11, 1864, No. 1900.)]

[Footnote 1382: State Dept., Eng., Vol. 84, Nos. 557 and 559. Adams to Seward, Dec. 17, 1863. Adams repeated his advice to "keep out of it."]

[Footnote 1383: _Ibid._, Vol. 85, No. 587. Adams to Seward, Jan. 29, 1864. Adams here expressed the opinion that it was partly the aristocratic antipathy to Bright that had _produced_ the ill-will to the United States.]

[Footnote 1384: _Ibid._]

[Footnote 1385: See Ch. XV.]

[Footnote 1386: _The Index_, Jan. 28, 1864, p. 58.]

[Footnote 1387: Goldwin Smith, _A Letter to a Whig Member of the Southern Independence Association_, London, 1864, pp. 14, 68, and 71.]

[Footnote 1388: Leader, _Roebuck_, p. 299. To William Ibbitt, April 26, 1864.]

[Footnote 1389: Arnold, _Mixed Essays_, p. 17. N. Y., Macmillan, 1883.]

[Footnote 1390: State Dept., Eng., Vol. 86, No. 709. Adams to Seward, June 9, 1864]

[Footnote 1391: See _ante_, Ch. XVI.]

[Footnote 1392: Dasent, _Delane_, II, pp. 135-6. Delane to Dasent, Dec. 25 and 26, 1864. The _Times_ on December 26 pictured Sherman as having _escaped_ to the sea, but on the 29th acknowledged his achievements.]

[Footnote 1393: _Lord Acton's Letters to Mary Gladstone_, p. 183.]

[Footnote 1394: These were not confined to Great Britain. The American Legation in Berlin received addresses of sympathy from many organizations, especially labour unions. One such, drawn by W. Liebknecht, A. Vogt, and C. Schilling read in part: "Members of the working-class, we need not affirm to you the sincerity of these our sympathies; for with pride we can point to the fact, that, while the aristocracy of the Old World took openly the part of the southern slaveholder, and while the middle class was divided in its opinions, the working-men in all countries of Europe have unanimously and firmly stood on the side of the Union." (_U. S. Diplomatic Correspondence, 1865_, Pt. IV, p. 500.)]

[Footnote 1395: _U. S. Messages and Documents, 1865_, Pt. I, p. 417. Adams to Hunter, July 13, 1865.]

[Footnote 1396: Disraeli was less disturbed by this than were other Tory leaders. He had long before, in his historical novels, advocated an aristocratic leadership of democracy, as against the middle class. Derby called the Bill "a leap in the dark," but assented to it.]

[Footnote 1397: Pierce, _Sumner_, IV, pp. 151-153, summarizes the factors determining British attitude and places first the fear of the privileged classes of the example of America, but his treatment really minimizes this element.]

[Footnote 1398: Goldwin Smith, "The Civil War in America: An Address read at the last meeting of the Manchester Union and Emancipation Society." (Jan. 26, 1866.) London, 1866, pp. 71-75.]

[Footnote 1399: Goldwin Smith, _America and England in their present relations_, London, 1869, p. 30.]

INDEX

Aberdeen, Lord, i. 10, 13, 14, 15; ii. 117 _note_[1] Acton, Lord, ii. 301 Adams, Brooks, _The Seizure of the Laird Rams_, cited, ii. 120 _note_[2], 125 _note_[1], 147 _note_[1], 150 _note_[1] Adams, Charles Francis, i. 49, 62-3, 80-1; attitude in the early days of the American crisis, 49 _and note_, 55, 63; appointed American Minister in London, 62, 80-1, 96; impressions of English opinion on the crisis, 96, 97, 98, 107; alarm at Seward's Despatch No. 10, i. 127; attitude of, to the Palmerston-Russell ministry, 170; controversy on General Butler's order, 302-5; reports to Seward on British public meetings on Emancipation Proclamation, ii. 107 _and note_[3], 223; view of the popular manifestations on Emancipation, 108; view as to decline of British confidence in the South, 184; and the London Confederate States Aid Association, 191, 192; receives deputations of allegiance during rumours before the fall of Savannah, 245 _and note_[1]; quoted on rumours in Britain of possible reunion and foreign war, ii. 251-2, 253; on effect in England of the Hampton Roads Conference, 253; advice of, to Seward on attitude to be observed to Britain, 253-255; attitude to Seward's complaints of British and Canadian offences, 253-4; comments of, on parliamentary debate and Bright's speech of confidence in Lincoln, 255 _and note_[1]; on feeling in Britain over Lincoln's assassination and the attempt on Seward, 257, 262-3; receives addresses of sympathy from British organizations, 262-3; and formal declaration of the end of the war, 268; faith of, in ultimate British opinion on the issues in the Civil War, ii.

283; views of, on the political controversy in England as influencing attitude to America 284, 285; advice to Seward on the political position in relation to democracy, 290, 294, 296, 298 _note_[1]; quoted on the rising of democratic feeling in Britain, 291; disappointed in attitude of British friends of progress, 278, 279, 280; report of, on London mass meeting in favour of the North, 284; and the Trades Unions of London meeting, 292, 294-5; quoted on John Bright, 298; on the attitude of the privileged classes to democracy, 298 _note_[2], 300; on the influence of American institutions on the political movement in Great Britain, 302

_Diplomatic action and views of, in regard to:_ _Alabama case_: ii. 35, 120 _and note_[2], 121, 131 British Foreign Enlistment Act, i. 135, 148-9; ii. 201-2 Bunch controversy, i. 186, 187, 190, 193, 195 Confederate Commissioners: representations on intercourse with, i. 105-6, 107 Confederate Cotton Loan: reported connection with, ii. 161 _and note_[4]; views on, 179 Confederate Shipbuilding in England: protests against, ii. 118, 128, 131, 137, 143, 145 _note_[2]; and U. S. Navy Department plan to stop, 130 _note_[2]; Laird Rams incident, 144, 146, 147 _note_[1], 150 Cotton: report on British position, ii. 99 Declaration of Paris negotiation: action on proposed convention, i. 141-69 _passim_; view of American intention, 144, 169; failure of his negotiation, 137, 145-6, 169-71 Gladstone and Lewis speeches, ii. 55 Irish emigrants, enlistment of, ii. 201-2 Lindsay's efforts for mediation, ii. 34-5. 212 Mediation: presents the "servile war" threat against, ii. 18-19, 95; view of England's reply to French proposals on, 71; advantages of an anti-slavery avowal, 98-9 Neutrality Law, _See_ British Foreign Enlistment Act _supra_ Privateering Bill, ii. 122-3, 125, 127; advises against issue of privateers, 131 Proclamation of Neutrality, The: representations on, i.

98-100, 101, 105, 107 _and note_[2], 300-1; despatch on settlement of peaceful policy, 134; protests against British recognition of belligerency, 159; advice to Seward on, 275 Roebuck's motion: report on, ii. 144 "Servile War" threat, ii. 18-19, 95 _and note_[4] Slavery: urges Northern declaration on, ii. 98-9; comments on _Times_ criticism of anti-slavery meetings, 108 Southern Ports: plan of collecting duties at, ii. 198 _Trent_ Affair, the: interviewed by Palmerston, i. 208-9; statement on the _James Adger_, 209-10; suspicion of British policy in, 218; views on public opinion in, 222-3; officially states Wilkes acted without authorization, 226; report on English hope of peaceful settlement, 228, 229; on British opinion after settlement of, 238, 240; on effect of, in Great Britain, 243; view of popular attitude in Britain in the crisis of, ii. 283 Appreciation and criticisms on: Characterized in _The Index_, ii. 196 Lord Lyons', report on, i. 62-3; opinion on, ii. 71 _note_[4] Lord Russell's view of his diplomacy, ii. 128 Tory approval of, ii. 197 Otherwise mentioned, i. 1, 2, 129, 198, 263, 274, 276; ii. 31, 100 Adams, C. F., Jun., view of British attitude and the Proclamation of Neutrality, i.

109, 110; view of the delay in his father's journey to England, 112 _note_; view on Seward's attitude in Declaration of Paris negotiation, 138, 153-6; examination of British action in the negotiation, 154-5; review of the _Trent_ affair, cited, 203 _note, et seq. passim_; on American feeling over seizure of Mason and Slidell, 218; and the Hotze materials, ii. 154 _note_ Adams, E. D.: _British Interests and Activities in Mexico_, cited ii. 117 _note_[1] "The Point of View of the British Traveller in America," cited, i. 23 _note_; ii. 274 _note_[1] Adams, Henry, i. 138; ii. 292 _note_[1]; view of, on W. E. Forster, i. 58 _note_[2]; on British Proclamation of Neutrality, 110; on American exultation in _Trent_ affair, 223; on British attitude in _Trent_ affair, 230; view of Gregory's speech on the blockade, 270; on British view of prospects in the War, 297; on possibility of intervention, ii. 23; on advantage of a Northern declaration on slavery, 23; on the Trades Unions of London meeting, 292 _and note_[1] 293 "Declaration, The, of Paris," 1861 ... reviewed, 146 _et seq._, 153; view of Russell's policy in, 146-150, 159; view of Lyons, 147, 150 _Education of Henry Adams_ quoted, i.

149 _note_[3]; ii. 172 _note_[2]; cited, ii. 50 _note_[1] Adams, John (Second President of the U. S.), i. 62, 81 Adams, John Quincy, i. 11, 20, 62, 81 African Slave Trade, attitude of the South to, i. 85-6; ii. 88; suppression of, international efforts for, i. 8-10; punishment to slave traders in American law, 9; American attitude to right of search, 9, 10, 219; British anti-slavery policy, 31-2; wane of British interest in, 10, 32; ii. 90; Slave Trade Treaty signed, i. 10, 275, 276; ii. 90, 91 Agassiz, L., i. 37 _note_. Akroyd, Edward, ii. 193 _note_. _Alabama_, The, ii. 35, 116, 119-120; departure of, from Liverpool, 118; British order to stop departure, 119, 120 _and note_[2], 133; Russell's private feelings as to, 121, 124; public opinion in Great Britain on, 129-130; Palmerston's defence of Government action on, 134-5; American anger over, 119, 127; measures against, 121-3, 127; New York Chamber of Commerce protest on, 126; claim for damages on account of, 151 _note_[1]; mentioned, i. 138; ii. 129 _note_[1], 131, 134, 136, 145, 146 _Alexandra_, case, The: Seizure of the vessel, ii.

136, 139, 140, 152, 161 _note_[4]; public approval, 136; law actions on, 136 _note_[2], 142, 149, 152, 185, 195; American anxiety at Court decision, 143; final result, 196 _note_[2] America, Central: British-American disputes in, i. 16, 17 American: Civil War: i. 86, 87 _and note_[2], 99; British public and official views at the commencement of, 40-60; origins of; American and British views, i. 47-8; efforts at compromise, 49; British official attitude on outbreak of, 73; European opinion of, after duration of three years, ii. 219; compared with the Great War in Europe, 219; British attitude to democracy as determining attitude to the War, i. 77; ii. 303-5; bearing of, on democracy in Great Britain, 299 Union, The: British views of, i. 15; prognostications of its dissolution, 36, 37 War of Independence, i. 2-3, 17; adjustments after the Treaty of Peace, 3; as fostering militant patriotism, 7, 8 _note_; commercial relations after, 17-18 "War of 1812" i. 4, 7, 18; causes leading to, 5-7; New England opposition to, 7, 18; effect of, on American National unity, 7 _See also under_ United States Anderson, Major, Northern Commander at Fort Sumter, i.

117 Anderson's Mission, ii. 53 _note_[3]; reports, ii. 53 _and note_[2] Andrews, Governor of Massachusetts, i. 219-20 Anthropological Society of London, ii. 222 Antietam, defeat of Lee by McClellan at, ii. 43, 85, 105; effect of, on Lord Palmerston, 43 Archibald, British Consul at New York, i. 63, 64 Argyll, Duke of, i. 179, 212; anti-slavery attitude of, i. 179, 238; ii. 112; views of, in _Trent_ crisis, i. 212, 215, 229, 238; on calamity of war with America, 215, 238; on Northern determination, ii. 30 Arkansas joins Confederate States, i. 172 _Army and Navy Gazette_, The, ii. 228, 229; attitude in the conflict, 229-30, 236; on the Presidential election, 235-6, 238; summary of military situation after Atlanta, 243; on "foreign war" rumours, 251; cited or quoted, 68, 166, 232-3, 243. (_See also under_ Russell, W. H.) Arnold, Matthew, views on the secession, i. 47; on British "superiority," 258; on the rule of aristocracy and growth of democracy, ii. 300 Arnold, _The History of the Cotton Famine_, ii. 6 _note_[2], 10, 11; quoted: first effects of the war on the cotton trade, 9-10; cotton operatives' song, 17 _note_[6]; on the members for Lancashire, 26-7 Ashburton, Lord, i. 13; Ashburton Mission, i. 13 Aspinwall and Forbes, Mission of, in England, ii. 130 _note_[2] Atlanta, captured by Sherman, ii. 233-5; effect of, on Northern attitude, 233-4; effect of, on Lincoln's re-election, 235 _Atlantic Monthly_, The, ii. 109 _note_[3]; 279 _and note_[3]

Bagley, Mr., ii. 224 Balch, _The Alabama Arbitration_, cited, ii. 129 _note_[1] Baligny. _See_ Belligny Bancroft, Frederic, cited, i. 117 _note_; analysis of Seward's object in Declaration of Paris negotiation, 150-3; view on Russell's aims in, 152 _and note_[2] _Life of Seward_, cited or quoted, i. 106 _note_[1], 118 _note_, 130 _note_[3]; 132 _note_[3], 138, 150-3, 186 _notes_, 191 _note_[4], 196 _note_[1], 200 _note_[2], 213 _note_[4], 231 _note_[3], 280 _and note_[1], 281; ii. 1-2, 96, 99 _note_[2], 143 _note_[3], 253 _note_[1], 258 _note_[1] Banks, Governor, i. 37 _note_ Baring, ii. 96 _note_[3] Bath, Marquis of, ii. 193 _note_ Beals, Mr., ii. 191 Bedford, Duke of, i. 96 _and note_[3] _Bee Hive, The, _cited, ii. 293 _note_ Beecher, Henry Ward, ii. 184 _and note_[3] Beesly, Professor, speech of, at Trades Unions of London Meeting, ii. 292 _Belfast Whig_, The, i. 70 _note_[1]; 231 _note_ Belligny, French Consul at Charleston, i. 185 _note_[1], 186, 188, 189, 191 _and note_[4] _Bell's Weekly Messenger_, quoted, ii. 104 Benjamin, Confederate Secretary of State, ii. 5; Mercier's interview with, i. 284, 285; report of, to Slidell on Mercier's visit, 284 _note_[2]; instructions of, to Slidell offering commercial advantages for French intervention, ii.

24 _and note_[2]; on idea of Confederate loan, 158-9; recalls Mason, 179; and recognition of the Confederacy, 217; on the attitude of France to the Confederacy, 236 _note_[2]; plan of offering abolition of slavery in return for recognition, 249; otherwise mentioned, i. 292; ii. 88 _note_[2], 148, 154 _note_[1], 213 _note_[1] Bentinck, i. 268, 269 Bernard, Montague: _Neutrality, The, of Great Britain during the American Civil War_, quoted, i., 100 _and note_[1], 137-8; ii. 118; cited, i. 171 _note_[1], 245 _note_[3], 246 _note_[2], 263 _notes_; ii. 136 _note_[2]; on the American representations on the British Proclamation of Neutrality, i. 100; on Declaration of Paris negotiations, 137-8; on the Blockade, 263 _and notes_ "Two Lectures on the Present American War": on recognition, cited, i. 183 Bigelow, John, ii. 71 _note_[3]: _France and the Confederate Navy_, cited, ii. 57 _note_[2] _Retrospections of an Active Life_, cited, i. 56 _note_, 217 _note_[2]; ii. 71 _note_[3], 88 _note_[2], 128 _note_[3], 130 _note_[2]; Gladstone and the Cotton Loan, 163 _note_[2]; U. S. stimulation of immigration, 200 _note_[1]; cited, 229 _note_[1]; Quoted, ii. 254; advice of, on the political position in Britain; quoted, 290; cited, 295 _note_[3] Billault, M., i.

288, 289 _and note_[1] Birkbeck, Morris, _Letters from Illinois_, quoted, i. 25 _Birmingham Post_, The, i. 70 _note_[1]; ii. 231 _note_; letters of S. A. Goddard in support of emancipation in, ii. 108-9 Bishop, Rev. Francis, ii. 224 Bismarck, ii. 203 Black, Judge, American Secretary of State, i. 52, 244 Blackwood, John, political views of, ii. 289 _Blackwood's Magazine_, ii. 279 _note_[1]; on cotton and the blockade, 10; on French mediation proposals, 68; on the Emancipation Proclamation, 103; on democracy as cause of the war, 278-9, 281, 289 Blair, member of the United States Cabinet, i, 130 _note_[1], 231; ii. 85, 251, 252 Blockade of Southern Ports, the: Lincoln's declaration on, i. 83, 89, 90, 92, 111, 121, 122, 244, 245; commencement of, i. 245; method of warning at the port, 245, 246; as involving hardship to British merchants, 245-6; effectiveness of, 252-71 _passim_; effect on British Trade, 252, 254, 263; effect on Cotton Trade, 262; ii. 8, 9; statistics as to effectiveness, i. 268 _note_[3] Southern Ports Bill, i. 246 _et seq._ Stone Boat Fleet Blockade, i. 253 _et seq._, 269, 302 British attitude to, i.

95, 244, 245, 246, 263 _and note_[2], 267, 270; ii. 5, 265; Parliamentary debate on, i. 267 _et seq._; Gregory's motion 268 _et seq._; press attitude, 246; Bright's view, ii. 14, 15 Confederate representations on, i. 265 Napoleon's view of, i. 290 Booth, assassinator of Lincoln, ii. 258, 259, 263 Border States, The: efforts at compromise, i. 49; sympathies in, 173; the "Border State policy" of Lincoln, 173, 176, 272 _note_[1]; ii. 82; and Confiscation Bill, Lincoln's fears, 82; attitude of, to emancipation, ii. 83, 84, 87; not affected in Proclamation of Emancipation, 86 Bourke, Hon. Robert, ii. 187, 193 Boynton, Rev. C. B., _English and French Neutrality, etc._, cited and quoted, ii. 225 _note_[1] Bright, John, i. 58 _note_[2], 77; quoted on _Times_ attitude towards the United States, 55 _note_[3]; view of the Northern attempt at reconquest, 72; views of, on the Proclamation of Neutrality, 108, 110; speech on _Trent_ affair, 221-2; letter to Sumner on _Trent_ affair, influence on Lincoln, 232; speech on Britain's attitude on conclusion of _Trent_ affair, 241-2; view on the war as for abolition, 241; on distress in Lancashire, ii.

13, 14; view of the blockade, 14, 15; on the cotton shortage, 15; and Gladstone's Newcastle speech, 48; view of Emancipation Proclamation, 48 _note_[2], 105-6, 111-12; on England's support if emancipation an object in the war, 88-9; the escape of the _Alabama_, 120; at Trades Unions of London meeting, 132-3, 134, 291-3; support of the North, 132, 283-4, 290, 291-295; on the interests of the unenfranchised in the American conflict, 132, 295; on the unfriendly neutrality of the Government, 134; rebuked by Palmerston, 135; trouncing of Roebuck, 172 _and note_[2]; on Britain's neutrality (Nov., 1863), 184; championship of democratic institutions, i. 221-2; ii. 132-3, 276-7, 282, 283; popularity of, as advocate of Northern cause, 224, 225; influence of, for the North, i. 58 _note_[2]; ii. 224; Lincoln's pardon of Alfred Rubery in honour of, 225 _and note_[1]; quoted on feeling of the British Government and people towards United States in Jan., 1865, etc., 247; confidence of, in pacific policy of Lincoln, 255 _and note_[1]; quoted on the ruling class and democracy, 280; attack on Southern aristocracy by, 290; heads deputation to Adams, 294; eulogy of George Thompson by, 224 _note_[1] Adams' opinion on, ii.

298; view of, in _The Index_, ii. 298-9; Laird's view of, ii. 134; Karl Marx's view of, 292 _note_[1]; Lord Salisbury, quoted on the oratory of, 290 _note_[1], the _Times_ attack on, 295-6 Otherwise mentioned, i. 69, 179, 289; ii. 68, 69, 132 _note_[1], 172 _note_[1], 186, 187, 191, 278, 281. (See also under _Morning Star_) British, _See also under _Great Britain British emigration to America, i. 23 _et seq_, 35; effect of American political ideals on, 23, 24, 25, 26 British Foreign Enlistment Act, ii. 116-7, 118; application of, in American crisis, question in Commons, i. 94; Russell's idea of amending, ii. 124, 196; Russell's advice to Palmerston on, 131; debate in Parliament on, 132, 133-4, 135; Forster and the violation of, 133; Government reply to Liverpool shipowners on, 142; _Kearsarge_ incident, 202 British Press. _See under names of Papers and under subject headings_ _British Standard_, The, i. 70 _note_[1] British travellers' views on America, i. 23 _and note_, 24, 28, 30; ii. 274-5 Brooks, i. 80 Brougham, i. 94 _note_[2]; ii. 282 Brougham, Lord, i. 19 Brown, John, raid of, i.

33 _note_[2] Browning, Robert, pro-Northern sentiment of, i. 70; on stone-boat blockade, 256; on Slavery a factor in the struggle, 238-9; on British dismay at prospect of war in _Trent_ crisis, 240; mentioned, 228 _note_[4] Bruce,--, British Ambassador in Washington, ii. 255 _note_[4]; report of American intentions against France in Mexico, 255 _note_[4]; comment of, on Lincoln, Seward and Sumner, 262; warns Russell of probable American demands at end of war, 266, 268; attitude to "piracy" proclamation, 268. Otherwise mentioned, ii. 262, 269. Brunow, Baron de, Russian Ambassador: on British policy, i. 50-1, 74; interpretation of Russell's "three months" statement, 272 _note_[1]; report of, on Russell's mediation plan, ii. 45 _note_[3]; interview of, with Russell on joint mediation offer, 73 _note_[1] Bryce, Lord, i. 30; ii. 188 _note_[3], 274 Buchanan, President, i. 16, 49, 52, 117, 259; ii. 278 Buckingham, James Silk, _America, Historical, Statistic and Descriptive_, cited, i. 29 Buckley, Victor, ii. 120 _note_[2] Bull Run, Northern defeat at, i. 135, 154, 176, 201; as affecting Seward's policy, considered, 154, 155-6; effect of, in Great Britain: press views, 176, 177-8, 179; official views, 178, 179 _and note_[1]; public opinion, 201 Bullock, Captain J. D., Confederate Agent in Britain, ii.

118, 129, 145; on the proposed use of the Laird rams, 122 _note_[1], 143; shipbuilding contracts of, ii. 156, 157; _Secret Service under the Confederacy_, cited, ii. 118, 149 _note_ Bunch,--, British Consul at Charleston, description of Jockey Club dinner, i. 43; on Southern anti-British sentiment, 44 _note_[2], ii. 71 _note_[2]; instructions to, on the secession, i. 53 _note_[1]; appeal of, to Judge Black on seizure of Federal customs house, 52; characterizations of Southern leaders, 59; view of President Davis, 59; views on the South and secession, 59, 93; characterizations of Southern Commissioners, 63; negotiations of, with the Confederates on Declaration of Paris, 168 _note_[4], 184-6, 188, 193; attitude of, to the South, 185 _and note_[4], 103, 195 _note_[2]; American complaints of, 187, 189, 193-4; recall of exequatur of, 184, 187 _et seq_., 193, 194-5, 201; defence of his action in the Mure case, 187, 188, 192, 199; subsequent history of, 195 _note_[2]; view of, as scapegoat, 195 _note_[2]; on attitude to the Blockade, 252 _note_[2], 253 _note_[2], 268; on Southern intentions, 252 _note_[2]; view of Southern determination, 252 _note_[2]; on Southern views of England's necessity for cotton, 63, 252 _note_[2]; ii.

4, 5; on effect of the blockade on Southern cotton industry, 9 _note_[2]; on burning of Mississippi cotton, 16 _note_[1], 17 _note_[4]; on the American system of government as the cause of the Civil War, 278 _note_[2] British attitude to the controversy over, i. 188-9, 190, 191, 194; French attitude, i. 189, 191 _and_ _note_[4], 192, 201 _note_ Lyons' views on Bunch controversy, i. 187, 193, 194 _and note_[1] Russell's views, i. 187, 190, 193, 194 _and note_[4] Otherwise mentioned, i. 66; ii. 88 Burnley, British Ambassador, report of, on prospective war with America, ii. 254 Butler, General, order to Federal soldiers in New Orleans, i. 302-4, 305; ii. 68; Palmerston and Adams controversy on, i. 302-5; Lord Russell's advice to Palmerston, 303, 304

Cairnes, Professor, ii. 224 _note_[3]; pamphlet by, on "Slave Power," 112 _Caledonian Mercury_, The, i. 70 _note_[1]; ii. 231 _note_ California, acquisition of, by U. S., i. 15, 16 Callahan,--, _Diplomatic History of the Southern Confederacy_, cited, i. 261 _note_, 289 _note_[2]; ii. 167 _notes_, 169 _note_[4] Campbell, Lord, i. 271, 292; ii, 28, 77, 169, 172, 193 Canada: Rebellion of 1837 in, i. 4, 109; ii. 117; British fear of American attack on, i. 4; sentiment in, as affected by the American Wars against England, 8 _note_; suggestions of annexation to Northern States of the U. S., 54-5; "compensation" in, idea in British press, 54-5; and in views of American political leaders, 55; Gladstone's idea regarding, ii. 69-70; military defence of, in _Trent_ crisis, i. 213, 241-2; views in, on _Trent_ affair, 222 _note_; on British policy and defence, 222 _note_; view of the _Times_ in, 222 _note_ Free Trade policy and, a Southern premonition as to, i. 22 Reciprocity Treaty of, with U. S., ii. 198, 253-4 Otherwise mentioned, ii. 251, 254, 275 Canning, i. II, 12, 20 Cardwell, ii. 64 Carolina, North, joins Confederate States, i.

172 Carolina, South, secession of, i. 41, 43-44, 55; ii. 3-4; seizes Federal customs at Charleston, i. 52; requests Federal relinquishment of Fort Sumter, 117 "Caroline" affair, The, i. 109 Case, Walter M., _James M. Mason--Confederate Diplomat_, cited and quoted, i. 261 _note_; ii. 161 _and note_[3] Catacazy, C., and mediation by Russia, ii. 251 _note_[1] Cecil, Lord Eustace, ii. 187, 189, 193 Cecil, Lord Robert, supports Gregory's motion on blockade, i. 268; supports Roebuck's motion, ii. 171, 175-6; on Committee of Southern Independence Association, 187, 193 Charleston, S. C.: Sentiment to Great Britain in, i. 43, 44 _note_; seizure of customs house at, 52; British appeal on question of port dues at, 52, 244; "Stone Boat" blockade of harbour at, 253; evacuation of, ii. 248, 249 Charleston _Mercury_, "King Cotton" theory of, ii. 5 Chase, Secretary of Treasury, i. 115, 121; ii. 72, 283; quarrel with Seward, 72 Chase, W. H. (of Florida), quoted, ii. 4 Chattanooga, ii. 185 Cheever, Rev. Dr., ii. 224 Chenery, ii. 301 Chesney, Captain, cited, ii. 165 Chesson, F. W., ii. 224 Chicago Convention, the, i.

175 Chicago abolitionists, Lincoln and, ii. 49 _note_[3] Chicamauga, Rosencrans defeated at, ii. 184 Chittenden, cited, ii. 130 _note_[2] Christian IX, of Denmark, ii. 203 Clanricarde, Lord, ii. 168 Clarendon, Earl of, i. 199 _note_[3], 215; ii. 3, 51-8 _passim_, 63, 203 _note_[2]; on Russell's mediation project and Lewis' Hereford speech, quoted, 57-8 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty: Seward's attack on British interpretation of, i. 113 Cobden, i. 77; quoted, on the _Times_, 222 _note_; opinion of Seward, 222 _note_; and Sumner, 222 _note_; on Palmerston's action in _Trent_ affair, 226 _note_[3]; letter to Sumner read at American Cabinet meeting, 232 Otherwise mentioned, i. 289; ii. 26, 67, 80, 95 _and note_[4], 166, 276 Collie, ii. 189 Collier, legal advice of, on _Alabama_, ii. 118-9 Columbia District, freeing of slaves in, ii. 83 Columbia, S. C., burning of, ii. 248, 249 Combe, George, _Notes on the United States, etc._, cited, i. 29 Confederate Commissioners to Europe, the: Bunch's characterization of, i. 63; unofficial interview with Russell, 85-6, 106, 158; protest against closing of British ports, 170 _note_[2]; replaced by "Special Commissioners," 203; attempt to make use of the _Trent_ affair, 214; British attitude to, not modified by _Trent_ affair, 235; policy of, with regard to recognition and the blockade, i.

264-5, 267, 273, 300; acquire a "confidential" document, 265 _and note_[2]; hopes of, from Parliament, 265, 266, 272; instructions of the first Commissioners, ii. 4 _and note_[3]; failure of the first Commission, 4-5; suggest a treaty on African Slave Trade, 88 _note_[2]; slavery abolition offer, 249 Confederate Agents' correspondence, collections of, i. 261 _note_[1] _See also under personal names_ Confederates, _See under_ Southern States Confiscation Bill, The, ii. 82, 84, 85, 86, 92, 95; Lincoln's attitude to, 82, 84; Lord Russell's comment on, 97 _Constitutionel_, The, cited, ii. 236 _note_[2] Continental Press and American News, ii. 71 _note_[2] Corcoran, ii. 169 Cotton supplies and slavery, i. 13; in British-American commercial relations, 21, 22; British manufacturers' dependence on, 22; effect of the Civil War on, 55, 246; ii. 53; the crop of 1860 ... ii. 7 Blockade, The, and, i. 252 _and note_[2], 253; ii. 9; effect of, on price, i. 262, 270; Napoleon's views on, 290 England, need of, for, i. 196-7, 200 _note_[1], 294, 296; ii. 17, 99; cotton famine in, 294; ii. 6, II _et seq._, 16 _note_[1]; cotton manufacturing industry of, in 1860-1, ii.

6-7, 8; first effects of the war on, 8, 9, 10. _See also under_ Lancashire. France, necessity of, for cotton, i. 279, 290, 293, 294, 296, 300; ii. 17; Mercier's plan to relieve, i. 196-201 Gladstone's Newcastle speech, effect of, on price of, ii. 48; "King Cotton" theory, i. 63; ii. i _et seq._; belief of the South in cotton as a weapon of diplomacy, 2-3, 4, 5 Southern orders for destruction of, ii. 16, 17 _note_[4]; effect of, on British officials, 17 Cowley, Lord, British Ambassador in Paris, i. 88; reports French agreement with British policy on Southern belligerent rights, 88; in the Declaration of Paris negotiations, 88, 143, 156, 157, 158, 162, 167; conversations with Thouvenel in Bunch affair, 189; disturbed at French evasion of direct support, 189, 192, 201 _note_[1]; in _Trent_ affair fears war with America, 214; communications on Southern Ports Bill, 247 _and note_[2]; view of French attitude on Southern Ports Bill, 247; on French policy in Mexico, 260, 261 _note_; ii. 46; quoted, on Thouvenel's view on mediation in Feb., 1862 ... i. 266 _note_[1]; on Mercier's Richmond visit, i.

288; statement of, to Lindsay, after interview with Napoleon, 290; on the possibility of reunion, 290; on the blockade, 290-1; denial of Napoleon's "offer" to England, 290, 291; reports of, on Lindsay's mission, 291-2, 293, 295 _note_[1]; conversations with Thouvenel on Lindsay, 291, 293-4; Napoleon's letter to, on Lindsay, quoted, 295 _note_[2]; interview with Thouvenel on Russell's mediation plan, ii. 38, 39 _and note_, 46; on Napoleon's suggestion of joint mediation, 59; instructed to notify France of England's view of the war as ended and of attitude to Confederate cruisers, 266-7 Otherwise mentioned, i. 218 _note_ Crawford, Consul-General at Havana, ii. 148 Crimean War: Anglo-French agreement regarding neutral commerce, i. 139 Crittenden, i. 49

_Daily Gazette_, The, cited, ii. 109 _note_ _Daily News_, attitude of, during the American Civil War, i. 69-70 _and note_ 1, 176, 181-2; ii. 230 _note_[3], on Lincoln's message to Congress, i. 176; letters of W. W. Story in, 228 _Daily Telegraph_, cited, ii. 50 _note_[1], attitude and circulation of, 189 _note_[2], 226, 230 _note_[3] Dallas, American Minister to Great Britain, i. 62; lack of instructions on American intentions, 62, 108, 112; communications with Lord Russell, 62, 66, 74; despatches to Seward on Russell's intentions, 66-7; Russell's pledge of delay to, 67, 84, 85, 107, 108; report on proposed British joint action with France, 84-5, 86 Otherwise mentioned, i. 74, 96, 156 _note_[1] Dana, R. H., cited, i. 218; _The Trent Affair_, cited, 203 _note_, 205 _note_[2], 237 _note_ Danish question, The, ii. 203-5, 214 Darwin, Charles, quoted, i. 180 _and note_[4] Davis, Bancroft, _Times_ correspondent in New York, i. 56 Davis, Jefferson, personal characteristics of, i. 59, 81, 82: ii. 276; attitude of, in the opening of the crisis, i. 49; elected President of the Southern Government, 59, 81; foreign policy of, 81-2; aristocratic views of, on government, ii.

276; proclamation of, on marque and privateering, i. 83, 89, 90, 92, 111, 121, 122, 141, 160; defensive measures of, in the South, 172; on Bunch's negotiations on Declaration of Paris, 186; replaces Confederate agents to Europe, 203; and the African Slave Trade, ii. 88 _note_[2]; proclamation of retaliation against Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, 106 _and note_[4]; on England's conduct towards the South, 184; on Southern disorganization, 219; flight of, from Richmond, 248; approves plan of offering abolition of slavery in return for recognition, 249; capture of, 267 British views on, ii. 276 Bunch's characterization of, i. 59, 185 _note_[4] Gladstone's Newcastle speech on, ii. 47 Otherwise mentioned, i. 163 _note_[1], 185 _note_[4], 254, 265 _note_[2], 283; ii. 5, 6, 176 _note_[3], 251, 252, 285 Dayton, American Minister at Paris, i. 129, 142, 143, 145, 150, 151, 163, 165, 167 _note_[3], 168, 200, 231, 300 de Brunow, Russian Ambassador. _See under_ Brunow de Flahault, French Ambassador. _See under _Flahault _Debats_: French press views on military situation, cited, ii. 174 _note_[3] _De Bow's Review_, eulogies of the South in, quoted, ii. 2, 3, 4; on cotton and slavery, 3; view of England's action on blockade, 4 Declaration of Paris, The, i.

102, 139-40; attitude of United States to, 140-1, 156; American offer of adherence during the Civil War, 104, 137, 141-2, 150, 151 Declaration of Paris Negotiation, The, i. 137 _et seq._, 184, 201; British suggestion to France in, i. 88, 91, 142, 146-7, 156, 157 _and note_[3]; American offer of adherence, 104, 137, 141-2, 150, 151; convention agreed between Britain, France, and America, 142-3; addition of a declaration in support of British neutrality proposed by Lord Russell, 143-6, 149, 151, 154, 68, 170, 201; American rejection of convention, 145, 168, 201 American argument at Geneva on effect of British diplomacy in, i. 146 _note_[2] Confederates: approach of, in the negotiation, i. 161, 164, 165, 166, 168 _note_[4], 184-6, 188, 192, 193; Confederate Congress resolution of approval in, 186 Convention, the, proposed by U. S. Cowley's opinion on, i. 167 _and note_[3]; Thouvenel's opinion on, 167; Palmerston's suggestion on, 167 _and note_[4] Seward's motives in, _See under_ Seward Delane, editor of the _Times:_ Palmerston's letters to, on American rights in interception of Confederate Commissioners, i. 207-8, 209; close relations of, with Palmerston, 229 _note_[2]; ii.

145; anticipations of Southern victory, ii. 204 _and note_[2]; on prospective war with America, 254; effect of Sherman's arrival at Savannah on, 245 _and note_[2], 300-1 Otherwise mentioned, i. 177, 178, 180; ii. 65, 289 de Lhuys, M. Drouyn, French Premier, ii. 59 _and note_[4], 60, 63 _note_[5], 168 Democratic element in British Society: lack of press representation, i. 24, 41 Democracy: British views on American institutions, i. 24, 28, 30, 31; ii. 274-5; view of the American struggle as a failure of, 276 _et seq. passim;_ Press comments on the lesson from failure of American democratic institutions, 279, 280, 281, 285, 286, 297; bearing of the Civil War on, 299; aristocratic and conservative attitude to, 286, 287, 297, 298, 300, 301; rise of democratic feeling in Great Britain, 291; effect of the Reform Bill of 1867, 304 Derby, Lord (Leader of the Opposition), i. 76, 77, 79, 94 _and note_[2], 240, 241; attitude to recognition and mediation, i. 240; ii. 51, 52, 53, 54, 77; attacks governmental policy in relation to Laird Rams and Southern shipbuilding, 149-50, 197; approves attitude to Napoleon's mediation proposals, 154-5; speech in motion for address to the Crown on Lincoln's assassination, 263; attacks Government on American "piracy proclamation" at end of the war, 267-8; attitude to expansion of the franchise, i.

77; ii. 276, 303 _and note_[1] Otherwise mentioned, i. 292, 295; ii. 51 _note_[2], 166, 210, 214 _Dial_, The, i. 70 _note_[1] Disraeli, Benjamin (Tory leader in the Commons), i. 79; on _Trent_ affair, 241; connection with Lindsay's motion, 292, 295, 296, 306; ii. 213 _and note_[1]; approval of neutrality, ii. 77, 174 _note_[1]; in Roebuck's motion, 153, 171, 174; attitude to stoppage of Southern shipbuilding, 197; speech, of, on the motion for the Address to the Crown on Lincoln's assassination, 263-4; Reform Bill of (1867) ... 3 03 _and note_[1] Mentioned, ii. 270 _note_[3] Donoughmore, Earl of, ii. 204 _and note_[2]; reply to Mason, 250-1 D'Oubril, ii. 59 _note_[4], 62 _note_[5] Doyle, Percy, i. 218 _note_[1] _Dublin News_, quoted, i. 45, 46 _note_[1] _Dubuque Sun_, The, ii. 22 _note_ Dudley, U. S. Consul at Liverpool, ii. 118, 130 _note_[2], 144, 145 _note_[2] Dufferin, Lord, i. 240 Duffus, R. L., "Contemporary English Popular Opinion on the American Civil War," i. 41 _note_[1]; quoted, 41, 48; cited, 70 _note_[1]; ii. 112 _note_[1] Dumfermline, Lady, i. 224 _note_[3] Dumping of British goods: effect on American feeling, i. 19, 21

_Economist_, The: attitude in the struggle, i. 41, 54, 57, 173-4; ii. 15, 173, 231 _note_; cited or quoted: on Lincoln's election, i. 39 _and note_[1]; on impossibility of Northern reconquest, 57; on secession an accomplished fact, 174; ii. 79; on Bull Run, i. 179; on cotton shortage, i. 55; ii. 14, 15; on servile insurrection, 79; on Cotton Loan, 160, 162; on Roebuck's motion, 173; on extension of the franchise, 277; on American institutions and statesmen, 279-80 _Edinburgh Review_, The: attitude to slavery, i. 33, 45; ii. 281; attitude in the conflict, i. 42; ii. 50 _note_[2], 68; on recognition, 46 _note_[3]; on the Emancipation Proclamation, 103; on the causes of the war, 281 Elliot, chargé, i. 14 Elliott, E. N., editor of _Cotton is King and Pro-Slavery Arguments_, ii. 3 _note_[2] Emancipation, Proclamation of: ii. 74, 78, 80, 86 _and note_[1], 91; idea of military necessity for, 81, 82, 85, 87; Lincoln's alleged purpose in, 87; purpose of, according to Seward, 99-100; viewed as an incitement to servile insurrection, 49, 74, 98, 101, 103 _note_[6] American reception of, ii. 101, 105 British attitude to, ii. 101 _et seq._; Press denunciation of, 102-5, 106; public meetings in favour of, 106 _and note_[2], 107, 108; English women's support of, 109; Nonconformist support, 109, 110; Emancipation societies support of, 110 Confiscation Bill, _See that heading_ _See also_ Border States _and sub-heading under_ Lincoln Emigration, British, to America, i. 23-4; ii. 200-1; _Kearsarge_ incident, 200-1 England: cotton famine. _See under_ Cotton. _See_ Great Britain Erlanger & Co. and Confederate Cotton Loan, ii. 158-60, 161, 162 _and note_[3] European opinion of the Civil War after duration of three years, ii. 219 Eustis, i. 204, 234 _note_[2] Evans, William, ii. 224 Everett, Edward, Russell's letter to, on Proclamation of Neutrality, i. 166 _note_[3] Ewart, question by, in the House of Commons, on Privateers, i. 90 Expatriation, American and British views on, i. 16

Fairfax, Lieut., of the _San Jacinto_, i. 205 Farnall's "Reports on Distress in the Manufacturing Districts," ii. 12 _note_, 20 Fawcett, Prof., ii. 224 _note_[3] Featherstonaugh, G. W., _Excursion through the Slave States_, cited, i. 29 Federals. _See under _Northern Ferguson, Sir James, i. 268; ii. 175 Ferrand, attack by, on cotton manufacturers in the Commons, ii. 164 _Fishmongers of London_: Meeting in honour of Yancey, ii. 223 _note_[1] Fitzgerald, Seymour, i. 306; ii. 25 Fitzwilliam, Hon. C., ii. 193 Flahault, M. de, French Ambassador, i. 88, 197, 260 _note_[1], 288, 291, 293; ii. 19 _note_[3], 45 Forbes, J. M., and Aspinwall, Mission of, in England, ii. 130 _note_[2], 297 Forbes, J. M., quoted on the Civil War viewed as a fight for Democracy, ii. 297 Forster, William E., i. 58 _and note_[2]; a friend of the North, 58 _note_[2]; ii. 224; quoted, on Harriet Martineau, i. 70 _note_[3]; question in Commons on privateering, 94, 157; speech against Gregory's motion on blockade, 268, 270; speech on mediation and intervention in debate on Lindsay's motion, ii. 22; close touch with Adams, 22, 36; attacks Government in debate on Southern shipbuilding, 133; rebuked by Palmerston, 135; in Roebuck's motion, 171-2, 175; comment on Southern meetings, 190 _and note_[2] Fort Donelson, Confederate reverse at, i.

272, 273 _note_[1], 274 Fort Henry, Confederate reverse at, i. 272, 273 _note[1]_, 274 Fox, G. V.: _Confidential Correspondence_, cited, i. 257 _note_[3], 268 _note_[2]; ii. 120 _note_[3]; quoted, on Confederate ironclads in England, 130 _note_[2] France: Naval right of search exercised by, i. 6; and American contentions on neutral rights, 18; Confederate Cotton Loan, attitude to, ii. 160 _note_[2] Cotton: lack of, i. 279, 290, 293-4, 296, 300; ii. 17 Mediation and armistice, attitude to British unofficial overture on, ii. 38-9, 45-6, 59-60 Ministerial crisis, ii. 39, 45, 59 Neutrality of, i. 299; Northern sentiment on, ii. 225 _and note_[2] Policy in the Civil War: joint action of, with Great Britain, i. 84, 88, 156, 166 _note_[1], 196, 249-50, 252, 259, 260, 284, 294; ii. 28, 75, 198; break in, 77 Press of, and the events in U. S., ii. 174 _note_[3], 236 _note_[2] _See also under _Mercier, Napoleon, Thouvenel, _and under subject-headings_ _Fraser's Magazine_, ii. 284; J. S. Mill's articles in, i. 240, 242; ii. 81, 90, 285 Fraser, Trenholm & Company: Confederate financial agents in Liverpool, ii. 156, 157 Frederick VII of Denmark: and Schleswig-Holstein, ii. 203 Free Trade, i. 21; ii. 304 Freeman, E. A., _History of Federal Government_, cited, ii. 152-3 Fremont, ii. 82

Gallenga,----, _Times_ correspondent in New York, ii. 189 Gait, Sir J. T., i. 221 _note_[1]; 222 _note_ Galveston, Tex. i. 253 _note_[1]; ii. 266, 268 Garrison, W. L., American abolitionist, editor of the _Liberator_, i. 31, 33, 46 _and note_[1] Garrison, _Garrison_, cited, ii. 91 _note_[1], 111 _note_[3] Gasparin, Count, cited, ii. 92 _notes_ Geneva Arbitration Court: American complaint of British Neutrality, in, i. 138; American argument before, on Declaration of Paris, 146 _note_[2] German opinion on the Civil War, i. 178 _note_[3]; ii. 111 _note_[2]; press attitude, 285 _note_[1] Germany: the _Index_ quoted on "aid given by, to the North," ii. 236 _note_[2] Gettysburg, Battle of, ii. 143, 176 _note_[2], 185, 296 Gladstone, Thomas, letters of, to the _Times_, i. 32, 33 _The Englishman in Kansas_, i. 32 _note_ Gladstone, W. E., i. 76, 78; fear of war with America in _Trent_ affair, 215; influence of the commercial situation on, ii. 26; attitude to intervention, 26, 27, 30-1, 48, 57; Newcastle speech, 47 _and note_[3], 48, 49, 50 _and note_[1], 51 _and notes_, 55, 58; memorandum in reply to Lewis, 57; supports Napoleon's suggestion on armistice and blockade, ii.

64, 69; account of Cabinet discussion on Napoleon's suggestion, 65 _and note_[1]; idea of offering Canada to the North, 69, 70 _and note_[1]; and the Confederate Cotton Loan, 163 _note_[2]; reply of, in Roebuck's motion, 170-1; quoted, on the American dispute as a blow to democracy, 282-3 Otherwise mentioned, i. 179, 200 _note_[1], 224, 266; ii. 59, 66, 77, 80 Goddard, S. A., ii. 108 _Letters on the American Rebellion_, cited, ii. 108 _note_[3], 109 _note_[1] Godkin, E. L., _Daily News_ correspondent, i. 70 _and note_[2] Golder, Dr. F. A., cited, i. 53 _note_[3]. "The Russian Fleet and the Civil War," cited, i. 227 _note_[1]; ii. 129 _note_[1] Goodenough, Captain, report of, on American readiness for foreign war, ii. 199 _note_[3] Gorgas, Col., ii. 5 _note_[1] Gortchakoff, comment of, on Russell's mediation plan, ii. 45 _note_[2]; and idea of Russian mediation, 251 _note_[1]; mentioned, i. 164 _note_[1]; ii. 59 _note_[4], 66 _note_[2], 70 _note_[2] Grant, General, capture of Forts Henry and Donelson by, i. 273 _note_[1], 274; victory at Shiloh, 278; captures New Orleans, 279; Western campaign of, ii. 164, 166, 184-5; capture of Vicksburg by, 176 _note_[2], 185; advance to Richmond, 217, 219; siege of Southern lines at Petersburg, 217; capture of Petersburg and Richmond by, 247-8; _Times_ report of reverses to, 212, 227, 243; condition of his army, Southern account in _Times_, 227; W. H.

Russell's comment on Grant's campaign, 232-3; Henry Adams, quoted, on, 243 Otherwise mentioned, ii. 215, 249, 256 Grant's _The Newspaper Press_, cited and quoted, ii. 231 _note_ Granville, Lord, i. 76, quoted, 199 _note_[3]; on difficulties in Washington and attitude of neutrality, 241; opposition of, to Russell's mediation plan, ii. 42 _and note_[2], 43, 44, 46; mentioned, i. 94 _note_[3]; ii. 203 _note_[2] Grattan, Thomas Colley, quoted, i. 36; _Civilized America_, i. 36 _note_[1] Great Britain: Citizenship, theory of, i. 5-6 Colonial system: trade basis of, i. 17, 20, 21 Commercial relations with America after independence, i. 17 _et seq_., 22 Franchise, expansion of the, in, i. 26, 28; ii. 274, 276-7, 301, 302, 303, 304; effect of the American example on political agitation in, 274; connection of the American struggle with the franchise movement in, 276, 277, 278, 286; Radical acceptance of the challenge on democracy, 282, 283, 290, 298, 300; aristocratic and conservative attitude to democracy, 286, 287, 298, 300, 301 Policy toward America: conditions affecting, i. 2 _et seq_. 35; ii. 270; the right of search controversy, i.

6-10; territorial expansion 13-15, 16; extension of slavery, 13, 15; Mexican War, 15-16; commercial interests, 19-22; in the Civil War, 50-4, 58, 59, 79, 84, 136, 178, 199; ii. 270-2; influence of democracy in determining, ii. 303-5; policy of joint action with France. _see under_ France. _See also under_ Lyons, Russell, _and subject-headings._ Public opinion and governmental policy of, in relation to America, i. 15, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 Public opinion and official views in, at the opening of the Civil War, i. 40-60; doubts of Northern cause, 48, 50; attitude to recognition of the South, 53 _note_[1], on secession, 54, 55, 57 Trade: exclusive basis in, i. 17, 20, 21; effect of American retaliatory system on, 20; free trade theory, 21; ii. 304; hopes from cotton interests, i. 22 Working classes in: Northern sympathies of, ii. 284, 285 _note_[1] _See also subject-headings_ Great Lakes: Armaments agreement, i. 4; ii. 253, 254 Greeley, Horace, editor of _New York Times_, attack on Seward by, i. 280 _note_[1]; and Mercier's proposal of mediation, ii. 75; Lincoln's reply to, on emancipation, 92-3 Gregg, Percy, ii.

154 _note_[1] Gregory (Liberal-Conservative, friend of the South), i. 90, 91 _note_[1], 267; motion of, for recognition of the South, 85, 91, 108; advice to Mason on blockade question, 267; motion to urge the blockade ineffective, 268-72; speech in Parliament on distress in Lancashire, ii. 21, 22 _and note_; quoted on attitude of Parliament to intervention and recognition, 155; view of Roebuck's motion, 175; question of, on the destruction of British property in America, 265; mentioned, i. 292; ii. 153, 164 Greville, Charles, quoted, ii. 3 Greville. Colonel, ii. 193 _note_ Grey, Sir George, i. 163, 207; ii. 171, 263 Grimes, Senator, on the purpose of the Privateering Bill, ii. 123-4 Gros, Baron, ii. 167, 168-9, 170 Grote, George, quoted, i. 1

Haliburton, T. C., ii. 187, 193 _note_ Hall, Capt. Basil, _Travels in North America_, cited, i. 26-7 Hall, Rev. Newman, ii. 111, 224 Hamilton, R. C., "The English Press and the Civil War," i. 38 _note_[2] Hamilton, Capt. Thomas, _Men and Manners in America_, quoted, i. 27 Hammond, E., Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, i. 189; enquiry as to possible action of American Navy to intercept Southern Commissioners, 206-7, 210, 211 _and note_[1]; on Foreign Enlistment Act, ii. 142; letter of, to Lyons, on seizure of Laird Rams, 147 _note_[4]; quoted, on public opinion and Napoleon's proposal of mediation, 66; mentioned, i. 256; ii. 45 Hammond, Senator, of S. Carolina, quoted, ii. 2-3 "Hampton Roads Conference," The, ii. 252-3 Harcourt, Sir William, quoted, on Lord Russell's statesmanship during the American Civil War, i. 1; letters of, in the _Times_ on questions of International Law, i. 222 _note_; ii. 63 _and note_[2]; _and see under_ "Historicus" Hardwicke, Earl, i. 94 _note_[2] Harris, T. L., _The Trent Affair_, cited, i. 203 _note_, 205 _note_[1], 217 _note_[1], 227 _note_[1], 231 _note_[2]; ii. 282 _note_[2]; citations of anti-Americanism in _Times_, i.

217 _note_[1] Hawthorne, Julian, cited, i. 47 Head, Sir Edmund, Governor of Canada, i. 129, 197 _note_[2] Hertslet, _Map of Europe by Treaty_, cited, i. 94 _note_[3] "Historicus," Letters of, to the _Times_, cited and quoted, i. 222 _note_; ii. 63, 104, 138 _note_[1] Holmes, O. W., i. 37 _note_ Hood, General, ii. 236 _note_[2] Hope, A. J. Beresford, ii. 187, 189, 193 _note_, 281-2 Hopwood, i. 305; ii. 11, 18, 21 Horsfall, Mr., ii. 153 Horton, Wilmot, i. 23; Committee on Emigration to America, 23, 24 Hotze, H., Confederate agent, quoted on effect of _Trent_ affair, i. 243; descriptive account of his activities, ii. 154 _note_[1]; and the "foul blot" phrase, 240; and the Southern arming of negroes, 241; mentioned, ii. 68 _note_[1], 180 _note_[3], 213 Hotze Papers, The, ii. 154 _note_[1], 180 _note_[2], 185 _note_[1] Houghton, Lord, ii. 265-6, 267 Hughes, Thomas, i. 181; ii. 224 _note_[3] Hunt, James, _The Negro's Place in Nature_, cited, ii. 222 Hunt's Merchants Magazine, cited ii. 8 _note_[2], 14 _note_[1] Hunter, Confederate Secretary of State, i. 264 Hunter, General, issues order freeing slaves, ii. 84 Hunter, Mr., editor of the _Herald, _ ii. 213 _and note_[1] Huse, Caleb, ii. 120 _note_[2], 159 Huskisson, cited, i. 20 Huxley's criticism of Hunt's _The Negro's Place in Nature_, ii. 222

Impressment by Britain: a cause of irritation to America, i. 6, 7, 8, 16 _Index, The_, ii., 33 _and note_[3]; agitation of, for recognition of the South and mediation, 33-4, 153-4; on Gladstone's Newcastle speech, 51 _note_[3]; views of, on Lord Russell and his policy, 51 _note_[3], 55 _and note_[4], 68, 69, 165, 196, 197; on reply to French joint mediation offer, 68-9; on Laird Rams, 150 _note_[2]; quoted on Government attitude to the belligerents, 154, 164-5; connection with Hotze, 154 _note_[1]; and the fall of Vicksburg, 165, 178 _and note_[1]; on French press and policy of France, 174 _note_[3], 180; reports of, on Southern meetings and associations, 188, 190 _and notes_, 194 _and note_[2], 195, 239 _and note_[4], 240; comments on the Palmerston-Mason interview, 215-6; criticism of Palmerston's reply to deputation on mediation, 216; view of mediation, 217; defence of slavery in the South, 220-2, 240-1; criticism of the _Times_, 228; quotations from the French press on the war, 236 _note_[2]; and the Presidential election, 236 _note_[2]; on Germany's aid to the North, 236 _note_[2]; on reception of Northern deputations by Adams, 245 _note_[1]; on characteristics of Southern leaders and society, 287; view of Northern democracy, 287; denunciation of the Manchester School 298-9; cited, ii. 181 _note_[2], 186, 190 _note_[3], 199 _note_[4], 232, 241 _note_[1], 242; quoted, 192, 193 _note_[1] Ionian Islands, control of, i. 79 Ireland: Irish emigration to America, i. 29; ii. 200, 201; enlistments in, for Northern forces, 200, 201; the _Kearsarge_ incident, 201-2; petitions circulated in, in support of the North, 240 Italy, disturbances in, ii. 29

Jackson, Stonewall, exploits of, in Virginia: effect of, on Russell and Palmerston, ii. 38 Jackson, W. A., ii. 191 James, _William Wetmore Story and his Friends_, quoted, i. 228 _and note_[4]; cited, 256 _note_[4] _James Adger_, The, American war-ship, i. 208, 209, 210, 211 _note_[1] Jameson, Professor J. F., ii. 154 _note_[1] Japan: Seward's suggestion of a naval demonstration against, i. 126 _note_[1] Jefferson, President, i. 7, 11, 18 Jewett, J. P., quoted, ii. 111 _note_[3] _John Bull_, ii. 231 _note_; quoted, on slavery not an issue, i. 179; Bull Run, a blow to democracy, i. 179-80 Johnston, General: campaign against Sherman, ii. 248, 274 Jones, Mason, pro-Northern speaker, ii. 193-4. 195. 224 Juarez (Mexican leader), ii. 198 "Justicia," letters of, in the _Times_, i. 217

Kansas border struggles, i. 32 _Kearsarge_ incident, The, ii. 201-2 Kelly, William, _Across the Rocky Mountains, etc._, cited and quoted, ii. 275 _note_[3] Kennedy, William, _Texas, etc._, cited, i. 29 Kenner, Duncan F., Confederate Commissioner, ii. 249-50 Kentucky, effect of "border state policy" on, i. 173 Kinglake, views of, on Roebuck's motion, ii. 175

_La France_, cited, ii. 236 _note_[2] Laird Brothers: builders of the _Alabama_ and _Laird Rams_, ii. 120, 121-2, 129; prosecution of, demanded, 136; officially ordered not to send Rams on trial trip, 146, 149; Government's correspondence with, 146 _and note_[2], 149-50 Laird, speech of, in reply to Bright's attack on the Government, ii. 134 Laird Rams, the, ii. 121-2, 123, 124, 137, 140 _et seq._, 196; description and purpose of, 122 _and_ _note_[1]; British Government position, 133, 134; rumours regarding, 142-3; seizure of, 145-50, 179-80, 182; suit for damages, 151 _note_[1]; British Government purchase of, 151 _note_[1]; U. S. Navy plan to purchase, 130 _note_[2]; usual historical treatment of the incident, 141, 147 _and note_[1] Lamar, Confederate representative: account of Roebuck and Bright, ii. 172 _note_[2] Lancashire: Cotton trade, distress in, ii. 6, 11 _et seq._, 21, 26, 29, 31, 240; attitude in, to Government policy, 10, 11, 13-15; attitude of the "Cotton Lords" to, 10, 16; Farnall report on, 12, 20; Northern sympathies of cotton operatives, 13, 285 _note_[1] Cotton factories, statistics, ii 6 Cotton manufacturers, attack on in Commons, ii.

163-4 _Lane, Franklin K., Letters of_, cited ii. 129 _note_[1] Layard, reply of, on Roebuck's motion, ii. 171, 173; on destruction of British property in America, 265 _Le Siècle_, cited, ii. 174 _note_[3], 236 _note_[2] Lee, General, turns back McClellan's advance on Richmond, ii. 1; defeated at Antietam, 43, 85; retreat of, through Shenandoah valley, 43; advance in Pennsylvania, 163 _note_[1], 164, 176; defeats Hooker at Chancellorsville, 164; retreat from Gettysburg, 163 _note_[1], 178, 179, 297; defence of Richmond, 185, 217, 247, 248; surrender, 248, 255, 256-7, 265, 301, 303 _Times_, quoted or cited, on his campaign, ii. 227, 256, 296 Lees, Mr., ii, 220 Lempriere, Dr., i. 180; ii. 191 Lewis, Sir George Cornewall, i. 76, 78 _and note_, 94; ii. 52; views of, on the Civil War, ii. 50 _and note_[2], 51; article on "The Election of President Lincoln and its Consequences," i. 78 _note_; fears war with America in _Trent_ affair, 215, 226; objections of, to mediation, ii. 44-6; Hereford speech of, in reply to Gladstone, 50 _and note_[1], 51, 55, 58; view of the Emancipation Proclamation, 52; action of, on Russell's proposed intervention, 52 _et seq_., 73-4; memorandum of, on British policy in opposition to Russell, 62-3; account of Cabinet discussion on Napoleon's armistice suggestion, 63-5; Hereford speech, effect on Adams, ii.

55; Palmerston's views on Lewis' attitude to recognition, 56; Russell's reply to Lewis, 56, 57 _Liberator, The_, Garrison's abolition organ, i. 31, 33 _and note_[3]; 46 _and note_[1], 47; cited or quoted, 70 _note_[1]; ii. 106 _note_[2], 107, 109 _note_[2]; III _note_[3], 130, 184 _note_[3], 189 _note_[2], 191 _note_[2], 194, 223 _and note_[2], 224 _note_[2], 237 _note_[1], 239 _notes_, 240 _note_[2], 289 Liebknecht, W., ii. 301 _note_[3] Lincoln, President, i. 115 Characteristics of, i. 115, 119, 120, 127-8; influence of, in Britain, ii. 276 Election and inauguration, i. 36, 38, 39, 48, 51, 64, 82, 110, 115; inaugural address, 38, 50, 71, 175; personal view of terms of election, 49; popular views on 79, 114, 115 Decision to reinforce Fort Sumter, i. 117, 118, 119, 120; and defend Federal forts, 118; attitude to Seward's foreign war policy, 119-20, 136; reply to Seward's "Some Thoughts for the President's Consideration," 119-20, 124; modifies Despatch No. 10, 126-7; attitude to Schleiden's Richmond visit, 121 122; emergency measures of, 172, 173 _Policy and views of, on:_-- Blockade proclamation, i. 83, 110, 111, 244. _See heading_ Blockade Border State policy of, i.

173, 176, 272 _note_[1]; ii. 82 Confiscation Bill, attitude to, ii. 82, 84 Emancipation Proclamation of, _See that heading_ Hampton Roads, Conference at, ii. 252-3 Intervention, on, ii. 36 Piracy proclamation, i. 83, 111, 160 Servile insurrection, ii. 83 Slavery: inaugural address on, i. 38. 50, 71, 175; view of the terms of his election regarding, 49; denial of emancipation as an issue, 239; ii. 88; reply to Chicago abolitionists on, ii. 49 _note_[3]; declarations on, 78; conversations with Sumner on, 82; attitude to emancipation, 82, 83-4, 96; and anti-slavery sentiment, 83; denial of, as a cause of the war, 88; reply to Schurz on emancipation, 72; reply to Greeley, 93, 94; orders of, as to liberated slaves, 100 _Trent_ affair; attitude to release of envoys, i. 231 _and note_[2], British view of, in, i. 225, 226, 230 Union, the: efforts to preserve, i. 49, 121; efforts to restore, ii. 82, 83, 93-5; reply to Greeley on, 92-3 Attitude of, to England, i. 301; curtails authority of General Butler, 305; settles quarrel between Seward and Chase; ii. 72; letter to Manchester supporters of the North, 109; drafts resolution for use in British public meetings on slavery, 113; British addresses to, 288, 290-1 Re-election, ii.

226, 234, 235, 238; expectations of his defeat, 226, 231; British Press views on, 234-5, 238; _Punch_ cartoon, 239 _and note_[1]; complaints of his despotism and inefficiency in press, ii. 176, 232; his terms to the South, 251, 252 Assassination of, ii. 257-8, 265; political effect of, in Britain, 301, and in Germany, 301 _note_[3]; British sympathy, 259-64 Appreciations of, ii. 258-61 British opinion of, during the War, ii. 239 _note_[1] Bright's confidence in, ii. 255 _and note_[1] Lyons' view on, i. 51; ii. 258-9 Press views, i. 38-9; ii. 102-5 _passim_ Schleiden's view of, i. 116 Influence of Bright's letters on, i. 232; pardons Rubery in honour of Bright, ii. 225 _and note_[1] Otherwise mentioned, i. 59, 81, 149, 223; ii. 39, 68, 91, 109 _note_[2], 126, 225, 251, 278, 281, 297 Lindsay, William Schaw: descriptive account of, i. 267, 289; on the blockade and French attitude to intervention, 267; project of mediation of, 279; account of interview with Napoleon III, 289-90; interview with Cowley, 290-1; second interview with Napoleon, 291; effect of interviews on Confederate Commissioners, 292; refused an interview by Russell and Palmerston, 294-5, 296; third interview with Napoleon, 295; interview with Disraeli, 295, 296; proposed motion in Parliament, 301-2, 305-6, 307; account of a letter to Russell in explanation of his proposed motion, 305 _and note_[5]; introduces motion in Parliament on mediation, ii.

18, 20, 21-23; withdrawal of, 23, 34; with Roebuck interviews Napoleon on recognition, 166, 167, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174-5, 177; suggestion by, on Confederate finance, 156; proposes a further recognition motion, 178 _note_[1]; connection with Southern Independence Association, 193, 195, 204, 205, 206, 211; hopes of, from attack on Government policy in detaining Southern vessels, 185, 195, 196; hopes from Napoleon and from Southern victory, 204; fresh agitation for mediation and recognition, 205-6, 209, 210; interviews Palmerston, 206-7, 209; urges Mason to interview Palmerston, 207, 208, 209; interview with Lord Russell 209-10, 212-13; use of the Danish question, 206, 210; hopes from Disraeli, 213; postponement of his motion, 214, 215, 218 Friendship with John Bright, ii. 172 _note_[1]; otherwise mentioned, i. 197, 268; ii. 25, 181 Lindsay & Co., ii. 157 Liverpool: change of feeling in, over the _Alabama_, ii. 129-30 _Liverpool Post_, The, cited on the Emancipation Proclamation, ii. 103 Liverpool Shipowners' Association, urges remonstrance on closing of Charleston Harbour by "Stone Boats," i. 256 _London Chronicle_, The, quoted, i. 46 London Confederate States Aid Association, ii. 191, 192 _and note_[2], 195 London Emancipation Society, ii.

91, 110; distinguished members of, 91 _note_[1] _London Gazette_, The, i. 94 _London Press_, The, quoted i. 54-5, 68 _London Review_, The, cited, i. 46 _and note_[4] Longfellow, H. W., i. 37 _note_, 55 _note_[2] Lothian, Marquis of, ii. 187, 193 _note_ Lousada, letter to Lyons on _Trent_ affair, quoted, i. 220 _note_[2] Lowell, J. R., i. 37 _note_, 236 Lushington, Dr., i. 207 Lutz, Dr. Ralph H., cited, i. 117 _note_; ii. 111 _note_[2]; 121 _note_[1] _Die Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland_, etc., cited, i. 117 _note_; ii. 285 _note_[1] Lyons, Lord, British Minister in Washington, i. 42, 51, 114; attitude in the American dispute, 51, 53, 88 _note_[2], 93 _and note_[3], 254; ii. 237 _note_[4]; on Southern clamour at Lincoln's election, i. 51; views on the personnel of the Northern Government, i. 59-60; view of Seward, 59, 60, 65, 114, 129; ii. 72; fears from Seward's foreign war policy, i. 60, 128-36 _passim_; efforts to prevent interruption of commerce with the South, i. 64, 65, 66, 72, 73, 244; views on the American controversy, 72, 73; advises joint action with France, 84; receives instructions on British policy, 87; and course of action if disavowed by America, i.

190; suspicion of French policy, 201 _and note_; survey of the situation after Shiloh, 278; farewell interview with Lincoln, 301; opinion of Adams, ii. 71 _note_[4]; views on Lincoln and Davis' proclamations, 106; friendliness of Seward to, 72, 141, 176 _note_[2]; report of improved relations on seizure of Laird Rams, 147, 182; report on "scare" at Lee's advance, 176 _note_[2]; view after Gettysburg, 176 _note_[2]; protests against Russell's motion to withdraw belligerent rights to the North, 182, 183; attitude to American public animosity towards Great Britain, 197, 198; on Seward's plan to collect import duties at Southern ports, 198; description of American readiness for foreign war, 183 _and note_[2], 199; on arrogance of American ministers, 199; advises quiet attitude towards the North, 226; view of Northern determination 226, 233; view of Lincoln's chances of re-election, 226, 233; on effect of the fall of Atlanta, 234; advice on Seward's demonstrations for electioneering purposes, 237; illness of, 233, 237; return to London, 237 _note_[4]; appreciation of diplomatic service of, 237 _note_[4] _Diplomatic action and views of, in regard to_: Belligerent rights to the South, i.

87; attitude to request for withdrawal, i. 274-5; ii. 198 Blockade, i. 64, 65, 66, 72, 73, 244-5; ii. 226; and legislative closing of Southern ports, i. 244, 246; communications with Seward on, 244, 245, 246, 250, 257; opinion on, 254 Southern Ports Bill, i. 246-50 _passim_ Bunch controversy, i. 184 _et seq._; view on Bunch's conduct, 187; conferences with Seward in, 191-2, 193, 194 _and note_[1]; comment on Bunch's explanation, 192-3; attitude to American decision in, 193, 194 Cotton, i. 54 _note_[1], 64, 196-7; ii. 20 _and note_[3] Declaration of Paris negotiations: alarmed by Seward's attitude, i. 151, 163 _notes_; view of Seward's refusal to see the despatch, 153 _and note_[2]; communications with Confederates in, 161, 163 _notes_, 164, 165, 166, 168 _note_[4], 185, 188; view on the American proposal, 154, 162, 164 Emancipation, as an issue, i. 223 Emancipation proclamation, ii. 106, 113, 114 _and note_ Intervention, i. 197; ii. 26, 36; fears commercial influence on policy, 26; _See also_ Mediation _infra_ Irish emigrants: enlistment of, ii. 201 Mediation, i. 284, 286, 297, 298-9; ii. 23, 37 _note_[1], 70; summary of Mercier's plan of, i.

298-9; report on French isolated offer of, ii. 75-6; on Russian suggestion of, 76 Mercier's Richmond visit, i. 281 _et seq. passim_; ii. 24 _note_[2]; comment on the result of, i. 286; effect of, on, 287; comment on newspaper report of, 287 Privateering Bill, ii. 125, 126, 127 Proclamation of Neutrality, presentation of, to Seward, i. 102, 103, 132, 133, 163 _note_[3], 164, 184 Recognition of the South, i. 65, 66, 73, 197, 198; ii. 70 Seward's foreign war policy, i. 60, 128-9, 130, 132, 133, 136; advice to Russell on, 128-9, 131; anxiety as to Canada, 128, 129, 131 Slave Trade Treaty, i. 276 Slavery, i. 52, 73, 93 _and note_[3]; account of changes in Northern feeling on, 223 Southern Commissioners, i. 65, 72 Southern shipbuilding, ii. 127, 139-141; on American War feeling over, 139-40 _Trent_ affair, i. 210, 211, 221; instructions in, 212-4; anxiety for Canada in, 221