5. Related to Clauses of Characteristic are also phrases of the type:

5. Related to Clauses of Characteristic are also phrases of the type:

quod sciam, _so far as I know_; quem (quam, quod), audierim, _so far as I have heard_.

Clauses of Result.

284. 1. Clauses of Result are usually introduced by ut (_that_, _so that_), negative ut nōn (_so that not_), and take the Subjunctive. The main clause often contains tantus, tālis, tot, is (= tālis), tam, ita, sīc, adeō, or some similar word. Thus:--

quis tam dēmēns est ut suā voluntāte maereat, _who is so senseless as to mourn of his own volition?_

Siciliam ita vāstāvit ut restituī in antīquum statum nōn possit, _he so ravaged Sicily that it cannot be restored to its former condition_;

mōns altissimus impendēbat, ut facile perpaucī prohibēre possent, _a very high mountain overhung, so that a very few could easily stop them_;

nōn is es ut tē pudor umquam ā turpitūdine āvocārit, _you are not so constituted that shame ever called you back from baseness_.

2. A Result Clause is often introduced by a Relative Pronoun or Adverb, quī (= ut is), quō (= ut eō), etc.; as,--

nēmō est tam senex quī sē annum nōn putet posse vīvere, _nobody is so old as not to think he can live a year_;

habētis eum cōnsulem quī pārēre vestrīs dēcrētīs nōn dubitet, _you have a consul such as does not hesitate to obey your decrees_.

a. These Relative Clauses of Result are closely related to the Clause of Characteristic, and sometimes it is difficult to distinguish the two constructions. It is best to class the relative clause as one of Characteristic, unless the result idea is clear and unmistakable.