Chapter 3 of 24

CHAPTER

Roman Farm Management: The Treatises of Cato and Varro · Marcus Porcius Cato, Marcus Terentius 117 BCE-28 BCE Varro

I. Introduction: the literary tradition of country life

Of the definition of Agriculture:

II. a. What it is not

III. b. What it is

IV. The purposes of Agriculture are profit and pleasure

V. The four-fold division of the study of Agriculture

I° Concerning the farm itself:

VI. How conformation of the land affects Agriculture

VII. How character of soil affects Agriculture

VIII. (A digression on the maintenance of vineyards)

IX. Of the different kinds of soils

X. Of the units of area used in measuring land

Of the considerations on building a steading:

XI. a. Size

b. Water supply

XII. c. Location, with regard to health

XIII. d. Arrangement

Of the protection of farm boundaries:

XIV. a. Fences

XV. b. Monuments

XVI. Of the considerations of neighbourhood

2° Concerning the equipment of a farm: XVII. } & }Of agricultural labourers XVIII.} XIX. } & }Of draught animals XX. } XXI. Of watch dogs XXII. Of farming implements

3° Concerning the operation of a farm: XXIII. Of planting field crops XXIV. Of planting olives XXV. } & } Of planting vines XXVI.}

4° Concerning the agricultural seasons: XXVII. } & }Of the solar measure of the year, illustrated by XXVIII.}

A CALENDAR OF AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS throughout the year, in eight seasons, viz:

XXIX. 1° February 7-March 24

XXX. 2° March 24-May 7

XXXI. 3° May 7-June 24

XXXII. 4° June 24-July 21

XXXIII. 5° July 21-September 26

XXXIV. 6° September 26-October 28

XXXV. 7° October 28-December 24

XXXVI. 8° December 24-February 7

XXXVII. Of the influence of the moon on Agriculture to which is added

ANOTHER CALENDAR OF SIX AGRICULTURAL SEASONS with a commentary on their several occupations, viz:

CHAPTER 1° Preparing time: Of tillage, XXXVIII. Of manuring,

XXXIX. 2° Planting time:

Of the four methods of propagating plants, viz:

XL. a. Seeding and here of seed selection b. Transplanting c. Cuttage d. Graftage, and e. A "new" method, inarching XLI. Of when to use these different methods XLII. Of seeding alfalfa XLIII. Of seeding clover and cabbage XLIV. Of seeding grain

3° Cultivating time:

XLV. Of the conditions of plant growth

XLVI. Of the mechanical action of plants

XLVII. Of the protection of nurseries and meadows

XLVIII. Of the structure of a wheat plant

XLIX. 4° Harvest time:

Of the hay harvest

L. Of the wheat harvest

LI. The threshing floor

LII. Threshing and winnowing

LIII. Gleaning

LIV. Of the vintage

LV. Of the olive harvest

5° Housing time:

LVI. Of storing hay

LVII. Of storing grain

LVIII. Of storing legumes

LIX. Of storing pome fruits

LX. Of storing olives

LXI. Of storing amurca

LXII. 6° Consuming time:

LXIII. Of cleaning grain

LXIV. Of condensing amurca

LXV. Of racking wine

LXVL. Of preserved olives

LXVIL. Of nuts, dates and figs

LXVIII. Of stored fruits

LXIX. Of marketing grain

Epilogue: the dangers of the streets of Rome

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