III. WICK HERRING HARVEST OF 1865. · Part 1

III. WICK HERRING HARVEST OF 1865.

┌───────┬──────┬───────┬───────┬────────┬────────┬─────────┬───────────┐ │Date. │ Boats│ Daily │ Daily │Season’s│Season’s│ Quality.│ Weather. │ │ │ out. │ Ave- │ catch.│average.│ catch. │ │ │ │ │ │ rage. │ Crans.│ Crans. │ Crans. │ │ │ │ │ │ Crans.│ │ │ │ │ │ ├───────┼──────┼───────┼───────┼────────┼────────┼─────────┼───────────┤ │Jun 23│ 19 │ 5 │ 97 │ 0 │ 126 │ Good │Wet. │ │ ” 24│ 14 │ ½ │ 7 │ 0 │ 133 │ Do. │Cold and │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ blowy. │ │ ” 27│ 25 │ 2 │ 50 │ 0 │ 183 │ Do. │Changeable.│ │ ” 28│ 25 │ 2 │ 50 │ 0 │ 233 │ Do. │Thick. │ │ ” 30│ 30 │ 6 │ 180 │ 0 │ 413 │ Do. │ Do. │ │July 1│ 34 │ 3 │ 102 │ ½ │ 515 │ Do. │Mild and │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ clear. │ │ ” 4│ 75 │ 0 │ 10 │ ½ │ 525 │ Do. │ Do. │ │ ” 6│ 48 │ 0 │ 3 │ ½ │ 528 │ Do.

│ Do.—rains.│ │ ” 11│ 120 │ 1¾ │ 188 │ ¾ │ 716 │Excellent│ Do. │ │ ” 12│ 200 │ ½ │ 100 │ ¾ │ 816 │ Do. │ Do. │ │ ” 13│ 50 │ 1 │ 50 │ ¾ │ 866 │ Do. │Wet. │ │ ” 14│ 20 │ 1 │ 20 │ ¾ │ 886 │ Do. │Wet. │ │ ” 15│ 100 │ 0 │ 10 │ ¾ │ 896 │ Do. │Fine. │ │ ” 18│ 20 │ ½ │ 10 │ ¾ │ 906 │ Do. │ Do. │ │ ” 19│ 30 │ 0 │ 0 │ ¾ │ 906 │ │ Do. │ │ ” 20│ 56 │ 0 │ 0 │ ¾ │ 906 │ │ Do. │ │ ” 21│ 120 │ ¼ │ 30 │ ¾ │ 936 │ Mixed │ Do. │ │ ” 22│ 200 │ 0 │ 20 │ ¾ │ 956 │ Do. │Mild. │ │ ” 25│ 500 │ 0 │ 40 │ 1 │ 996 │Excellent│Calm and │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ clear.

│ │ ” 26│ 500 │ 0 │ 80 │ 1 │ 1,076 │ Large │ Do. │ │ ” 27│ 500 │ 0 │ 40 │ 1 │ 1,116 │ Mixed │ Do. │ │ ” 29│ 60 │ 2 │ 120 │ 1⅓ │ 1,236 │Excellent│Breezy. │ │Aug. 1│ 900 │ ¾ │ 750 │ 2 │ 1,986 │ Do. │Mild and │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ clear. │ │ ” 2│ 950 │ ½ │ 500 │ 2½ │ 2,486 │ Do. │Very wet. │ │ ” 3│ 970 │ ¾ │ 750 │ 3 │ 3,236 │ Do. │Heavy rain.│ │ ” 4│ 970 │ 1 │ 970 │ 4 │ 4,206 │ Do. │Calm. │ │ ” 5│ 970 │ 1 │ 970 │ 5½ │ 5,176 │ Do. │ Do. │ │ ” 8│ 976 │ 2½ │ 2,440 │ 8 │ 7,616 │ Do. │ Do. │ │ ” 9│ 970 │ 12 │11,640 │ 20 │ 19,256 │ Do. │ Do. │ │ ” 10│ 976 │ 7 │ 6,832 │ 27 │ 26,088 │ Do.

│Very clear.│ │ ” 11│ 970 │ 6 │ 5,820 │ 32½ │ 31,908 │¼ spent │Wet and │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ rough. │ │ ” 15│ 50 │ 1 │ 50 │ 32½ │ 31,958 │ Good │Very │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ rough. │ │ ” 16│ 900 │ ¼ │ 225 │ 33 │ 32,183 │ Do. │ Do. │ │ ” 17│ 100 │ 1 │ 100 │ 33 │ 32,283 │ Spent │ Do. │ │ ” 18│ 930 │ 2 │ 1,860 │ 35 │ 34,143 │Excellent│Fine. │ │ ” 19│ 977 │ ½ │ 487 │ 35½ │ 34,630 │ Do. │ Do. │ │ ” 22│ 977 │ 6 │ 5,862 │ 41½ │ 40,492 │ Do. │ Do. │ │ ” 23│ 977 │ 6 │ 5,862 │ 47½ │ 46,354 │¼ spent │Breezy. │ │ ” 24│ 977 │ 12 │11,724 │ 59½ │ 58,978 │⅓ spent │Mild. │ │ ” 25│ 977 │ 10 │ 9,770 │ 69½ │ 67,848 │¼ spent │ Do.—frost.│ │ ” 26│ 975 │ 8 │ 7,800 │ 77½ │ 75,648 │½ spent │Breezy— │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ rain.

│ │ ” 29│ 977 │ 0 │ 10 │ 77½ │ 75,658 │ Good │ Do. │ │ ” 30│ 30 │ 0 │ 0 │ 77½ │ 75,658 │ │Rough— │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ rain. │ │ ” 31│ 200 │ ¼ │ 50 │ 77½ │ 75,708 │ Do. │ Do. │ │Sept. 1│ 500 │ 0 │ 0 │ 77½ │ 75,708 │ │Very │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ rough. │ │ ” 5│ 300 │ 0 │ 0 │ 77½ │ 75,708 │ │Changeable.│ │ ” 12│ 9 │ 1 │ 9 │ 77½ │ 75,717 │Excellent│Fine. │ │ ” 13│ 30 │ 1 │ 30 │ 77½ │ 75,747 │ Do. │Changeable.│ │ ” 14│ 50 │ 6 │ 300 │ 78 │ 76,047 │ Do. │Fine. │ │ ” 15│ 60 │ 0 │ 3 │ 78 │ 76,050 │ Do. │Changeable.│ └───────┴──────┴───────┴───────┴────────┴────────┴─────────┴───────────┘

_Northern Ensign._

IV. TOTAL CATCH OF HERRINGS AT ALL THE STATIONS ON THE NORTH-EAST COAST DURING THE LAST FIVE YEARS.

┌─────────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬———————-┐ │Stations. │ 1861. │ 1862. │ 1863. │ 1864. │ 1865. │ ├─────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼─────———┤ │Wick │ 89,728 │ 90,644 │ 90,099 │ 90,033 │ 76,055 │ │Lybster, etc.│ 16,828 │ 17,150 │ 24,982 │ 19,120 │ 18,946 │ │Dunbeath │ 6,720 │ 6,162 │ 6,800 │ 5,248 │ 5,100 │ │Helmsdale │ 26,670 │ 26,500 │ 24,982 │ 29,120 │ 13,020 │ │Brora │ 1,620 │ 1,809 │ 1,554 │ 2,460 │ 1,225 │ │Cromarty │ 18,060 │ 11,232 │ 13,600 │ 15,000 │ 10,200 │ │Burghhead │ 7,920 │ 9,090 │ 10,320 │ 11,770 │ 10,580 │ │Hopeman │ 11,614 │ 9,686 │ 10,150 │ 5,824 │ 8,418 │ │Findhorn │ 1,080 │ 294 │ │ │ 560 │ │Lossiemouth │ 10,175 │ 10,881 │ 12,020 │ 5,985 │ 14,742 │ │Portgordon │ 2,783 │ 4,664 │ 4,312 │ 1,160 │ 800 │ │Portsoy │ 1,974 │ 3,290 │ 2,112 │ 920 │ 1,290 │ │Cullen │ 2,380 │ 4,200 │ 3,424 │ 1,320 │ 406 │ │Portknockie │ 2,691 │ 3,542 │ 3,092 │ 1,872 │ 2,695 │ │Findochty │ 2,660 │ 4,480 │ 3,752 │ 2,040 │ 1,900 │ │Portessie │ 1,881 │ 2,180 │ 1,350 │ 1,380 │ 1,320 │ │Buckie │ 5,320 │ 8,600 │ 8,249 │ 3,850 │ 7,700 │ │Whitehills │ 2,792 │ 4,753 │ 2,211 │ 1,200 │ 1,624 │ │Macduff │ 4,200 │ 7,884 │ 4,898 │ 2,400 │ 3,962 │ │Gardenstown │ 6,642 │ 12,908 │ 6,386 │ 2,948 │ 7,952 │ │Pennan │ 819 │ 1,215 │ 368 │ 265 │ 520 │ │Rosehearty │ 4,620 │ 7,828 │ 6,898 │ 4,602 │ 6,100 │ │Pitullie │ 1,720 │ 3,768 │ 1,500 │ 720 │ 1,980 │ │Fraserburgh │ 16,581 │ 42,944 │ 24,970 │ 26,793 │ 28,112 │ │Peterhead │ 32,600 │ 52,461 │ 31,535 │ 32,680 │ 35,741 │ │Boddam │ 5,890 │ 5,445 │ 4,680 │

3,640 │ 5,358 │ ├─────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼─────———┤ │ TOTAL │285,878 │353,610 │304,780 │272,350 │266,211 │ └─────────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴─────———┘

ESTIMATED NUMBER OF HANDS EMPLOYED—1865.

┌───────────┬──────────┬───────┬───────┐ │ │Fishermen.│Others.│ Total.│ ├───────────┼──────────┼───────┼───────┤ │Caithness │ 6,500 │ 3,100 │ 9,600 │ │Sutherland │ 2,100 │ 1,500 │ 3,600 │ │Cromarty │ 1,200 │ 1,000 │ 2,200 │ │Moray │ 1,800 │ 1,200 │ 3,000 │ │Banff │ 1,800 │ 1,200 │ 3,000 │ │Aberdeen │ 3,800 │ 2,400 │ 6,200 │ ├───────────┼──────────┼───────┼───────┤ │ TOTAL │ 17,200 │10,400 │27,600 │ └───────────┴──────────┴───────┴───────┘

INDEX.

A fishing “toon” described, 446.

A fishwife’s proverb, 425.

A lobster-spill in the Thames, 389.

A Member of Parliament on the fish supply, 67.

A widow’s story, 463.

About “natives,” 369.

Absurd statement about herring spawn, 236.

Absurdity of eating cod-roe, 291.

Across the Channel, 56.

Acclimatisation of fish, 125, 482.

Account of a fisherman’s wedding-dance, 421.

Account of the latest spawning season at Stormontfield, 108.

Adaptability of means to end in shell-fish, 384.

Admiration of Scottish pearls, 403.

Advance of money in the herring trade, 255.

Advantages of a close-time for oysters, 338.

Advantages of the tile system in oyster-culture, 363.

Advice to fishermen as to bait, 417.

Age at which oysters are sent to be greened, 360.

Age at which oysters are sent to market, 339.

Age of herring before they spawn, 237.

Aggregate sailings of the Wick boats, 279.

Agriculture in France, 77.

All fish unwholesome at time of spawning, 242.

Allston the London oyster-merchant, 373.

Ambition of fisher lads, 440.

America, oysters in, 380.

American pike, 143.

American sociality over oysters, 346.

Amount of attention required by a large oyster-farm, 365.

Ancient fishing industries, 40.

Ancient ideas as to fish, 8.

Ancient knowledge of the oyster, 333.

Anecdote of a minister’s visit to a fisherman, 432.

Anecdote of a London _litterateur_, 379.

Anecdotes of a fishwife, 428.

Angler-fish, 156.

Anglers’ fishes, 129, 137.

Anglers and angling, 132.

Angling all the year round, 132.

Angling localities, 137.

Angling in the Thames, 150.

Angling on the Tay, 212.

Angling sport in Scotland, 130.

Annual revenue of the river Tay fisheries, 213.

Annual sacrifice to crustacean gastronomy, 397.

Anomalies in salmon growth, 105, 180.

Antidote to enchantment, the fisherman’s, 435.

Antiquity of pearls, 398.

Apparatus for catching lobsters, 161.

Apparatus for pisciculture, 115.

Appendix, 491.

Approach of the herring season, 246.

Arcachon, Bay of, 365.

Are herrings of the same shoal all of the same age?, 238.

Are the pisciculturists robbing Peter to pay Paul?, 88.

Are there more fish in the sea than ever came out of it?, 474.

Arran, the island of, 165.

Arrival of salmon ova in Australia, 120.

Arctic Seas, no herrings in the, 231.

Artificial oyster-breeding, 350.

Artificial oyster-breeding in Marennes, 75.

Artificial spawning, 86, 87.

Art of dredging oysters, 378.

Art of shrimping, 396.

Art of trawling, 311.

Ashworth’s experiments, 117.

Ashworth’s opinion of oyster-culture, 354.

Attention required by an oyster-farm, 365.

Auchmithie, 444.

Auctioneers of fish, 437.

August herring-fishery at Wick, 280.

Authentic contradiction to Pennant’s theory, 231.

Authorities, list of, quoted, 499.

Avarice of salmon-fishery lessees, 200.

Average age at which salmon are killed, 207.

Average capture of herrings per boat in 1820, 279.

Average number of crans of herring taken by each boat in 1862, 276.

Average of oyster-reproduction at Re, 358.

Averages of the catch of herrings in 1862, 276.

Aversion of fisher-people to be counted, 453.

Awkward _contretemps_, 468.

Bad effects of trawling, 315.

Bag-nets, their baneful influence on the salmon-fisheries, 208.

Bain, Mr. Donald, on the salmon question, 222, 489.

Bait for line-fishing, 306.

Bait for lobsters, 385.

Bait for sea-angling, 158.

Bait, importance of cheap, 410.

Balance of nature, 33.

Bale in Switzerland, 80.

Bannock-fluke, the, 297.

Bargain-making by fishwives, 426.

Bargains made by boat-owners, 257.

Barnet, Mr., of Kinross, 140.

Barking trawlers, 309.

Barrack-life in Comacchio, 458.

Barrels, great numbers of, on the quays at Wick, 268.

Basins for the young fish at Huningue, 85.

Bass, the, of Lake Wennern, 125.

Battle of the swine at St. Monance, 434.

Bay of Aiguillon, 412.

Bay of the Departed, 455.

Bay of St. Brieuc, 351.

Beef, the stone-mason of the island of Re, 352.

Bell Rock, 444.

Benefits derived from a good fishery, 44.

Best conditions of fish for spawning, 341.

Best kind of boats for herring-fishing, 272.

Best kinds of fish to rear on the artificial plan, 97.

Best spawning-ground for herring, 238.

Best way of marking young salmon, 196.

Billingsgate, 65.

Billingsgate salesman’s, a, letter on trawling, 319.

Bird’s-eye view of Fusaro, 349.

Bit of dialogue, 470.

Black-beetle, a wonderful, 17.

Bloaters and red-herrings, 270.

Board of White Fisheries, 486.

Boat speculation by ship-carpenters, 441.

Bolam, evidence on trawling by Thomas, 314.

_Bouchots_ for growing mussels, 411.

Boulogne, 454.

Bounty given in the herring-trade, 255.

Brand, the, 263.

Breeding-ponds for salmon at Stormontfield, 99.

Breeding-pyramid for oysters, 350.

Brewing of oyster-spat, 337.

Brilliancy of fish-colour, 2.

British oyster-eaters, 345.

Brown, Mr. Wm., of Perth, on the salmon, 194.

Buckhaven, 438, 439.

Buckie, 466.

Buckie fishermen, 302.

Buisse, suite of ponds at, 93.

Burning the water, 204.

Business, how it is conducted at Re, 358.

Buist’s notes on Stormontfield, 111.

Buist’s opinions about the parr, 183.

Calculations as to herring increase, 7.

“Caller Ou,” 425.

Cancale, 58.

Cancale, the shell-middens of, 351.

Canoe used by the _boucholeurs_ of Aiguillon, 413.

Capital of French oysterdom, 352.

Caprice of the herring, 244.

Capturing herrings with a seine-net, 250.

Carlisle of Inveresk, Dr., 435.

Carp, 144.

Carp-breeding, 147.

Carp-ponds, 147.

Carriage of fish in France, cost of, 61.

Catch of herrings in 1862-63, 272.

Catching shell-fish, 385.

Causes assigned for caprice of herring, 244.

Cause of attraction to the male fish while spawning, 9.

Cause of the parr anomaly, 105.

Census of Fittie, 450.

Census of persons employed in the herring-fishery, 275.

Ceremonies among the eel-breeders of Comacchio, 459.

Ceremony of marriage among fishermen, 421.

Ceylon pearl-fishery, 398.

Chance fishing, 301.

Changes in the Crustacea, 392.

Character of the fisher-folk, 471.

Character of the Scottish fishwife, 324.

Charming May, 138.

Charitable fishery experiment, 388.

Charr, 153.

Cheek on angling, 135.

Chief British salmon-streams, 209.

Chief fishing-grounds in the North Sea, 306.

Chinese pisciculture, 69, 70.

Claires for greening oysters, 360.

Claires for oysters, view of, 357.

Clannishness of the fisher-folk, 481.

Classification of fish, 1.

Cleanliness of the Newhaven fisherwomen, 431.

Cleghorn, Mr. John, of Wick, on the herring, 231, 232.

Clements, John, of Hull, his evidence, 316.

Close-times for herrings quite possible, 242.

Close-time for lobsters in France, 391.

Close-time for oysters, 336.

Clyde, the river, 163.

Coarse work of the herring-gutters, 270.

Coast fishing-boats, 272.

Cod and haddock fishing very laborious, 301.

Codfish, number of eggs in a, 5.

Codfish, description of the, 291.

Codfish, how it grows, 31.

Cod-liver oil, 292.

Cod-roe at dinner, 243.

Coldingham fishermen, good behaviour of, 438.

Colne oyster-beds, 370.

Cold seasons unfavourable to oyster-breeding, 338.

Colour of fish, 2.

Comacchio, 19, 457.

Comacchio, drawing of a division of, 48.

Comfort of a fisherman’s dwelling, 430.

Commencement of the great gale on the Moray Firth, 324.

Commerce in fish, 34.

Commerce in herrings, 254.

Commerce in salmon, 198.

Commerce in shell-fish, 384.

Commercial value of salmon, 199.

Commissioners’ report on the herring-fishery for 1864, 275.

Common carp, 146.

“Commons,” in oyster nomenclature, 368.

Community of fishers at Fittie, 449.

Comparative tables of the fishery at Wick, 281.

Concluding remarks on the Fisheries, 474.

Conclusion, 490.

Condition of trawl-fish, 320.

Conditions under which the herring is found, 240.

Conduct of the white-fisheries, 301.

Connecticut, fish-manufactory in, 136.

Consumption of fish, 67.

Consumption of oysters in London, 373.

Contents of a dredge, 378.

Continental demand on our fisheries, 286.

Controversies about oyster life, 335.

Controversies about the salmon, 178.

Controversy about the parr, 181.

Controversy about the pearl rivers, 406.

Controversy among fishermen at Lochfyne, 250.

Controversy in Scotland as to fixed engines of salmon-capture, 206.

Conversation with a Strasbourg _pêcheur_, 88.

Cooking of pike, 143.

Cooking of oysters, 346.

Co-operation among fishermen, 309, 441.

Co-operation better than competition, 223.

Cornwall in the pilchard season, 251.

Coromandel oysters, 379.

Corry in Arran, view of, 171.

Coste, Professor, 76.

Coste’s, Professor, plan of oyster-culture, 347.

Coste’s recommendation to the French Government, 350.

Couch, Mr. Jonathan, on the food of the pilchard, 251.

Couch on the mackerel, 21.

_Couleur de rose_ statements as to the fisheries, 475.

Councillor Hawkins on the Colchester oyster, 370.

Course of the fisheries, 55.

Course of the herring-fishery, 229.

Course of oyster-farming, 365.

Course of work on the oyster-beds at Whitstable, 365.

Crab-catching, 386.

Cray-fish, 397.

Creel-hawking, 436.

Crustacean commerce, 387.

Cullercoats fisherman, evidence of a, 312.

Cultivating the mussel-farm, 413.

Cultivation of “natives,” 369.

Cultivation of our lochs, 140.

Culture of mussels, 410.

Culture of oysters, 346.

Culture of oysters, progress in, 354.

Culture of turtle on the artificial plan, 96.

Curing of cod in Scotland, 293.

Cure of herrings in Scotland, 1862-63, 273.

Curing pilchards, 253.

Curing sprats to be sold as sardines, 253.

Curious forms of fish, 3.

Curiosities of superstition at Newhaven, 433.

Daily statement of the number of herring-boats at Wick in 1862, 276.

Danube salmon, 89, 98.

Dates marking chief incidents of salmon life, 195.

Dealing in herrings, 254.

Decline of creel-hawking in Scotland, 443.

Decline of the cod-fishery, 303.

Decrease of the Scottish haddock-fishery, 318.

Decreasing size of haddocks, 315.

Dee salmon-fisheries, 112, 113.

Delineation of flat fishes, 297.

Demand for fish in Catholic countries, 277.

Demand for oysters, 373.

Demand for white fish, 286.

Dempster’s discovery of packing salmon in ice, 36, 202.

Departure of the herring-fleet from the Texel, 45.

Description of Auchmithie, 445.

Description of a drift-net, 248.

Description of a lobster-trap, 385.

Description of a mussel-farm, 412.

Description of a periwinkle, 384.

Description of a trawler, 309.

Description of green oyster-claires, 359, 360.

Description of Newhaven, near Edinburgh, 430.

Description of the lobster, 390.

Description of the oyster, 334.

Description of the pilchard-fishery, 252.

Design for a complete suite of salmon-ponds, 103.

Desire for more herring statistics, 283.

Destruction of young fish, 478.

Destructive power of the trawl-net, 308.

Development of the herring, 240.

Dexterity of the herring-gutters, 270.

Diagram of herring-netting and fish, 282.

Dialect of the Moray Firth fisher-folk, 469.

Dialogue between a fishwife and her customer, 427.

Differences in size, shape, and flavour of the herrings of different places, 230.

Different countries must have different fishing seasons, 299.

Different kinds of cured herrings, 271.

Different kinds of sea-fish, 155.

Difficulties in the way of collecting spat, 362.

Difficulties of obtaining accurate information about the herring, 235.

Difficulty of obtaining statistics of fisheries, 66, 285.

Dimensions of the great _heer_, 228.

Diminution of lobsters, 318.

Discipline of Comacchio, 457.

Disparity in size of young salmon, 106.

Distinct races of herrings, 230.

Dish of crablets, 344.

Distribution of cured eels, 462.

Distribution of fish, 37.

Diving for pearls in Scotland, 407.

Division of labour in Fittie, 450.

Do fish live a separate life?, 9.

Does an oyster yield its young in millions?, 339.

Dogfish, diminution of, in 1862, 274.

Dogger Bank fishery, 303.

Doon pearl-fishery, 408.

Doon pearls inferior, 409.

Do the herring live singly up till the period of spawning?, 238.

Double migration of the salmon, 193.

Doubts as to former abundance of fish, 479.

Dr. Dod on the herring and sprat, 239.

Drawbacks to oyster-farming in France, 354.

Drawing of a two-year-old smolt, 189.

Drawings of the pearl-mussel, 399.

Dredging for oysters at Cockenzie, 377.

Dredging for pearls, 407.

Dress of a Newhaven fishwife described, 429.

Drift _versus_ trawl nets, 250.

Dunbar herring-fleet, 443.

Duke of Athole’s marked fish, 190.

Dutch fishing industry, 41.

Duties of fishermen, 490.

Duty charged on French fish, 61.

Duty of the coopers at the herring curing, 262.

Early fish commerce, 35.

Earnings of trawlers, 319.

Economy of the herring shoals, 277.

Edible Crustacea described, 391.

Edible molluscs, 384.

Edinburgh oyster-ploys, 345.

Edinburgh oyster-taverns, 345.

Eel-breeders, the, of Comacchio, 45.

Eel-cooking at Comacchio, 460.

Eel-curing at Comacchio, 461.

Eel-fair, 19.

Eel, the, 17.

Effects of the concentration of a thousand boats on one shoal of herrings, 283.

Effects of a storm on the Moray Firth, 472, 473.

Effects of royal notice on the fishwives, 429.

Effects of the discovery of Mr. Dempster, 205.

Egg-boxes at Huningue, 83.

Egg-boxes at Stormontfield, 104.

Egg-laying by the hen lobster, 392.

Eggs of the salmon kind just hatching, 13.

Emotions of the first oyster-eater, 343.

Enemies of the salmon, 199.

Engaging of boats for the herring-fishery, 255.

English lakes, the, 153.

English river scenery, 148.

English salmon-fisheries, 217.

English trawl fishermen, 308.

Enterprise of the Scottish herring-curers, 259.

Enthusiasm of those concerned in the herring-harvest, 246.

Episode of a cradle, 468.

Erroneous information as to pearls, 409.

Estimated quantity of oysters in various stages of growth, 368.

Evidence on the trawl question, 312.

Exaggeration as to supplies of fish, 481.

Example of a well-managed salmon stream, 215.

Examples of nicknames among fishermen, 467.

Excess of herrings cured in 1862, 273.

Excitement on shore during a storm, 326.

Excitement on the coast during the herring season, 247.

Expense of forming an oyster-bank, 352.

Expenses of fishing-vessels, 310.

Experience as to the Tweed fisheries, 224.

Experiment in fructifying fish-eggs, 8.

Experiments in oyster-breeding in the Bay of St. Brieuc, 351.

Experiments in pearl-fishing in the Scottish lochs, 406.

Experiments with salmon ova in ice, 119.

Exportation of salmon ova, 119.

Exquisite flavour of the green oyster, 362.

Extension of legislation on the salmon question, 204.

Extension of pisciculture, 117.

Extension of the Scotch pearl-fishery, 402.

Extension of the salmon trade, 205.

Extent of business done in oysters at Whitstable, 366.

Extent of French fisheries, 91.

Extent of oyster-beds in the Firth of Forth, 375.

Extent of the Gadidæ family, 287.

Extent of the mussel-farm in the Bay of Aiguillon, 412.

Extent of the river Tay, 209.

Extent of trawling, 311.

Extraordinary scene on the river Doon, 404.

Exuviation of the lobster, 391.

Eyemouth, 438.

Fable, Italian, 452.

Facts of the herring question, brought out before the British Association, 232.

Failure of the Ceylon pearl-fisheries, 400.

Faithfulness of salmon to their old haunts, 193.

Falling-off in the herring supply attributed to the trawl, 314.

Falling-off of certain rivers, 205.

Falling-off of oyster supplies in France, 347.

Fancy picture of the growth of a fishing hamlet, 419.

Fascines for oyster-breeding, 351.

Farms for oysters in Kent and Sussex, 366.

Faroe cod-banks, exhaustion of, 303.

Faversham oyster-grounds, 367.

Fearful scene, 329.

Feats performed by Fisherrow women, 435.

Fecundity of crabs, 383.

Fecundity of fish, 5.

Fecundity of lobsters, 383.

Fecundity of shell-fish, 383.

Feeding and digestive power of fish, 4.

Feeding-ground, influence of the, on fish, 29.

Fife, the coast of, 438.

Figures appertaining to herring-fishery of 1862-63, 273.

Figures illustrating the August herring-fishery at Wick, 280.

Figures of the Dutch fishery, 44.

Figures of the Wick catch of herrings, 279.

Findon, 448.

Fine flavour of the green oyster, 362.

Finesse by a fishwife, 427.

Finnan haddocks, 290, 448.

Firth-built fishing-boats, 440.

Firth of Forth whitebait, 24.

Fish auctioneers, 437.

Fish cadgers and hawkers, 442.

Fish-breeding in Norway, 75.

Fish-capture by line, 305.

Fish-commerce, 34.

Fish-commerce in France, 60.

Fish-communities, 295.

Fish-culture, 69.

Fish-culture in Italy, 71.

Fish-dinners, 23.

Fisher-folk’s philosophy of marriage, 431.

Fisher-folk, the, 418.

Fisheries of Holland, 44.

Fishermen’s antipathy to swine, 434.

Fishermen, differences of opinion among, 30.

Fishermen of Eyemouth, condition of the, 438.

Fishermen’s belief in luck, 257.

Fishermen’s children, 445.

Fishermen should grow their own bait, 147.

Fishermen’s nicknames, 466.

Fishermen’s wives, 323.

Fisher-names, 467.

Fisher-people’s notions of religious duty, 437.

Fisher-people the same everywhere, 418.

Fisherrow, 435.

Fisher weddings, 420.

Fishery statistics by a Buckhaven man, 442.

Fishes of the salmon family, 198.

Fish-guano, observations on, 491.

Fishing boats, best kind of, 272.

Fish insensible to pain, 3.

Fish labyrinth at Comacchio, 46.

Fish life and growth, 1.

Fishmarket at Bale, 81.

Fish-offal as manure, 331.

Fish-poachers, 135.

Fish-ponds, 38.

Fish quite local, 482.

Fish-shoal, growth of, 32.

Fish-table, 300.

Fish-tithe riots at Eyemouth, 438.

Fishwives at church, 428.

Fishwives’ finesse in bargaining, 427.

Fishwives of Newhaven, 424.

Fishwives of Paris, 456.

Fittie, 449.

Fixed engines of capture, 205, 206.

Flat fish, 156.

Flat fish consumed in London, 298.

Flat fish family, the, 297.

Flavour of different herrings, 230.

Flavour of fish, 28.

Floating with the tide, 266.

Fluctuation in the take of herrings at Wick, 232.

Fondness for dancing of the fisher-people, 421.

Fondness of gannets for herring, 283.

Food of the herring, 243.

Food of the mussel, 414.

Food of the oyster, 361.

Food of the salmon, 192.

Footdee or Fittie, 449.

Forbes Stuart and Co.‘s tables of the London salmon supply, 221.

Foresight of the oyster, 342.

Former abundance of fish doubted, 479.

Former scarcity of the haddock, 288.

Forming an oyster-farm, 355.

Foul salmon at Billingsgate, 204.

Four years’ work at oyster-farming, 356.

France, fishing industry in, 58.

Francis Sinclair, a herring-fisherman of Wick, 265.

Free Dredgers’ Company at Whitstable, 366.

Free fisheries a mistake, 489.

Free oyster-grounds, 368.

French boats interfering with the fishery, 318.

French fishwoman, 454.

French foreshores, industry on, 57.

French legend, 455.

French North Sea fisheries, 59.

French oyster-eaters, 344.

Frequent examination of oysters at Whitstable, 369.

Fresh herrings, 258.

Fresh-water fish, commerce in, 35.

Fresh-water fish not of much food value, 129.

Friday an unlucky day, 433.

From the parr to the smolt, 187.

Full _versus_ shotten herrings, 241.

Functions of the Board of Fisheries, 486.

Fusaro, Lake, 348.

Future of the fisheries, 481.

Galbert’s trout establishment, 92.

Gadidæ, 285.

Gadidæ family, the, 289.

Galway fisheries, 117.

Gathering-in of the boats to the herring-fishery, 246.

Gathering the mussel-harvest in Aiguillon, 413.

General machinery of fish-capture, 304.

Geographical distribution of the herring, 234.

Geographical distribution of the oyster, 379.

Geologists’ paradise, 164.

George the Fourth’s fondness for Finnan haddocks, 448.

German pisciculture, 98.

Gipsy anglers, 135.

Glen Sannox, 175.

Glut of herrings at Billingsgate, 258.

Goatfell, 165.

Golden carp, 140, 145.

Gold-fish in factory ponds, 145.

Government by gyneocracy, 426.

Gravid salmon, treatment of, 114.

Great haul of salmon on the Thurso, 205.

Great storm on the Moray Firth, the, of 1857, 327.

Greed of Scottish dredgermen, 375.

Green oysters, 359.

Grieve, Mr., of the Café Royal, Edinburgh, 288.

Grilse growth, 191.

Grilse and smolt, 187.

Ground-plan of fish laboratory at Huningue, 82.

Ground suitable for breeding and fattening oysters, 361.

Group of Newhaven fishwives, 424.

Growth of a fishing village, 419.

Growth of a fish-shoal, 32.

Growth of fish, 1.

Growth of salmon ova, 12.

Growth of the mussel in the Bay of Aiguillon, 415.

Growth of the oyster-park system, 353.

Growth of the young salmon in Australia, 123.

Guano, fish, observations on, 491.

Gulf of Manaar pearl-fisheries, 400.

Gulf of St. Lawrence, 310.

Gunther’s opinion of the _Silurus glanis_, 126.

Gutters for hatching purposes at Huningue, 86.

Gutters of herring, 269.

Habits and character of the Fittie people, 451.

Habits of fish, 316.

Habits of the haddock, 289.

Habits of the pearl-oyster, 401.

Haddock, the, 287.

Haddocks, former scarcity of, 288.

Haddocks, where are they?, 30.

Half-decked boats, 307.

Happy fishing-grounds, 367.

Harbours, 302.

Harbour accommodation, want of, in Scotland, 272, 321.

Harvest of eels at Comacchio, 459.

Hashing of young fish not peculiar to the trawl, 320.

Has the oyster eyes?, 335.

Hatching of salmon, 11.

Hauling in the nets, 266.

Hawkers of fish, 442.

Hearing power of fish, 4.

Herring-buss, cost of, 51.

Herring-commerce, 254.

Herring-curing, 260.

Herring-fishing at Wick in August, 280.

Herring fishing at Wick in September, 281.

Herring, growth of the, 237.

Herring harvest, the, 263.

Herrings, calculations as to size of a shoal of, 6.

Herring spawn, 14.

Herring spawn offered for manure, 313.

Herring, the, described, 226.

Herring, the, its natural and economic history, 226.

Herring, the, shoals at Wick, 278.

Hints to the oyster-farmers, 364.

History of the herring-fishery, 49.

Hired hands at the herring-fishery, 248.

Hole Haven in Essex, lobster-stores at, 389.

Holibut, 295.

Homeward bound, 267.

Hooks, number of, on a fishing-line, 305.

How a fish breathes, 1.

How cod are cured, 293.

How does an oyster lie on its bed?, 335.

How long do herrings take to grow?, 236.

How the herrings are manipulated on arrival, 269.

How the herring-nets are worked, 249.

How the salmon-poachers proceed to work, 203.

How to buy and sell fish, 427.

How to catch cray-fish, 397.

How to angle in the sea, 159.

How to find out a false pearl, 410.

How to mark smolts, 196.

How to test a pearl, 410.

How to open the pearl-mussel, 408.

Hull trawlers, 309.

Huningue described, 82-85.

Huningue, difficulty of finding it, 80.

Ignorance of naturalists and fishermen, 287.

Ile de Re, 352.

Illustrations of oyster-growth, 338, 339.

Imitation by fishermen of marked salmon, 197.

Importance of cheap bait, 410.

Impossibility of catching spawn in the trawl-net, 317.

Impregnation of fish-eggs, 7.

Improvement in the manufacture of herring-nets, 278.

Improvement of Scottish fishing-boats, 307.

Improvement of the salmon-fisheries, 224.

Increase in the quantity of netting used at the herring-fishery, 277, 278.

Increase of boats and fishermen, 313.

Increase of the enemies of the herring, 242.

Increase of the herring, 7.

Incubation-hall at Huningue, 84.

Incubation of oyster-ova, 337.

Industry of the women at Auchmithie, 447.

Industry at Fisherrow, 436.

Industry of Buckhaven men, 439.

Industry of fishwives, 425.

Inferiority of Doon pearls, 409.

Information about the fisher-folk, 422.

Information as to the colour and structure of pearls, 409.

Information for pearl-seekers, 408.

Information for the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, 376.

Instinct of the salmon for change, 188.

Interior of a fisherman’s house, 430.

Introduction into British waters of strange fishes, 482.

Invention of mussel-culture, 410.

Inventor of the first oyster-pond, 343.

Investigation by the Town Council of Edinburgh into the state of their oyster-beds, 376.

Irish and Welsh pearls, 407.

Irish fish-carriage, 63.

Irish haddocks, 289.

Irish lobsters, 388.

Irish oyster blue-book, 371.

Irish white-fish fisheries, 304.

Italian fable, 452.

Italian pisciculture, 71.

Italian oyster-eaters, 344.

Jack in his element, drawing of, 141.

Jacobi’s experiments in artificial fish-breeding, 74.

Johnstone on the salmon-fisheries, 216.

Joint-stock fishing system, 441.

Joint-stock oyster company at Whitstable, 366.

Juries for regulating the oyster-fisheries, 371.

Justice to upper proprietors of salmon-fisheries, 487.

Juvenile fisher-folk, 430.

Keeping adult salmon till ripe for spawning, 107.

Kelaart’s account of the pearl, 401.

Kemmerer’s, Dr., tiles for oyster-culture, 361.

Killing of grilse hurtful to the fisheries, 207.

Kinsale oysters, 374.

Kitchen at Comacchio, 460.

Knox, Dr., opinion of the parr, 182.

Labours of Gehin and Remy in pisciculture, 76.

Lake Fusaro, 348.

Land-crabs, 393.

Land of a thousand lochs, 136.

Latest achievement in pisciculture, 126.

Laws devised for self-government at Ile de Re, 357.

Legal mode of capturing the herring, 248.

Legend of the first oyster-eater, 342.

Legend of the island of Sein, 455.

Leistering salmon, 204.

Length of white-fish fishing-lines, 305.

Lent, fish required during, 277.

Line-fishing, 306.

List of authorities, 499.

List of rivers in which the best pearls have been found, 406.

Living codfish, traffic in, 302.

Living crustacea, 387.

Lobster-bait, 162.

Lobsters “in berry,” 393.

Lobster-commerce, 337.

Lobster-farming, 385.

Lobsters good for food all the year round, 398.

Localities for sea-angling, 162.

Loch Awe trout, 138.

Lochfyne herring, 28.

Lochfyne, view of, 249.

Lochleven pike, 140.

Lochleven trout, 28, 139.

Lochmaben, 27.

Logan fish-pond, 39.

London demand for shell-fish, 385.

London fish-supply, inquiries into the, 285.

London oyster-saloons, 373.

Lord Advocate’s salmon bill of 1862, 205.

Loss of the “Shamrock,” 322.

Lottery nature of the herring-fishery, 267.

Love of oysters by the ancient Romans, 380.

Lowe’s, Mr. James, opinion about the position of the oyster, 335.

Low state of the English salmon-fisheries, 217.

Luck a creed of the fishermen, 257.

Lucullus, 344.

Machinery of fish-capture, 305.

Machinery of herring-capture, 248.

Mackerel-fishery, 299.

Mackerel-growth, 21.

Mackerel, the, 299.

Madame Picard, the French fishwife, 456.

Manufactured Finnans, 290, 449.

Manufacture of sardines, 253.

March of the land-crabs, 393.

Marennes, 359.

Marine Department of France, 56.

Marked fish of the salmon kind, 197.

Marriage dinners among the fisher-class, 421.

Marriage scenes at Newhaven, 420.

Marrying and giving in marriage among the fisher-folks, 420.

Marshall, Peter, of Stormontfield, on the salmon, 195.

Martin and Gillone’s breeding establishment, 112, 113.

Mascalogne, the, or pike of America, 143.

Masculine character of the fishwife, 323.

Mathers the fisher-poet, 471.

Mayhew’s figures, 67.

Measurement of nets, 248.

Members of the herring family, 245.

Memoir on fish by a Chinaman, 70.

Methuen on the white-fisheries, 288, 480.

Methuen, the late Mr., brief sketch of his career, 259.

Microscopic observation of oyster-spat, 339.

Migration of the eel, 19.

Migration of the herring a mistake, 228.

Milton oysters, 372.

Mitchell on the distribution of the herring, 234.

Mitchell on the herring, 231.

Mode of capturing turbot, 296.

Modes of cooking oysters in New York, 381.

Mode of curing Yarmouth bloaters, etc., 271.

Mode of doing business of the Fisherrow women, 436.

Mode of dredging for oysters, 378.

Mode of fishing by line, 305.

Mode of growing the mussels in the Bay of Aiguillon, 415.

Mode of life at Comacchio, 458.

Mode of packing ova in ice, 119.

Mode of salmon-fishing on the Tay, 213.

Mode of selling fish by Newhaven women, 425.

Mode of spawning by the land-crabs, 394.

Mode of taking pilchards in Cornwall, 251.

Modes of sea-fishing in France, 57.

Money paid by curers of herring in bounty and arles, 256.

Money value of fresh-water fish in France, 92.

Money value of the Colne oysters, 370.

Monkbarns and Maggie Mucklebackit, 428.

Monkeys catching crabs, 386.

Monotonous life of the eel-breeders of Comacchio, 459.

Moral success of oyster-farming, 357.

Moray Firth ports, 302.

More boats and less fish on the Dogger Bank, 313.

More ways of killing salmon than angling, 203.

Mortality of herring, 15.

Movements of the herring at spawning time, 238.

Mr. Ramsbottom’s salmon manipulations, 102.

Multiplying power of the herring, 33.

Mussel-culture, 410.

Mussel-stakes, 411.

Mysterious fish, 26.

Narrow escape from extermination of the salmon, 475.

Natives, 368.

Natural and economic history of the oyster, 332.

Natural and economic history of the salmon, 177.

Natural enemies of the herring, 282, 283.

Natural history of the codfish, 291.

Natural history of the crustacea, 391.

Natural history of the eel, 47.

Natural history of the pearl-oyster of Ceylon, 401.

Natural history of the pilchard, 251.

Natural history of the sole, 298.

Natural history of whitebait, 23.

Naturalisation of fish in British rivers, 125.

Naturalist’s Library account of the herring, 235.

Necessity for two ponds at Stormontfield, 105.

Necessity of describing the fisher-folk, 418.

Nets, quantity used by a boat, 248.

Newbiggin, evidence by a fisherman of that place, 317.

New branch of shell-fishing, 398.

Newfoundland cod-fishery, 53.

Newhaven, 423.

Newhaven fishwives, 424.

Newhaven oyster-beds, 375.

New York, oyster-eating in, 381.

Nicknames of fishermen, 466.

Non-success of the winter herring-fishery in 1864, 275.

_Northern Ensign_, the, on the herring-fishery, 279.

North Sea white-fish fisheries, 304.

Norway lobsters, 389.

Note from the novel of the _Antiquary_, 426.

Nothing but herring, 268.

Notice of a hermit crab, 392.

Notice of Newhaven fishwives by the Queen, 429.

Notice of valuable pearls, 400.

Nova Scotia and Canadian fisheries, 54.

Number of barrels of herring caught at Wick, 278.

Number of buckies, 466.

Number of eggs in a herring, 5.

Number of men drowned on the north-east coast, 330.

Number of oyster-farms in France, 347.

Number of oysters on a fascine, 352.

Number of shells that contain pearls, 409.

Number of vessels fitted out for herring-fishery, 274.

Number of white-fish falling off, 317.

Nursing oyster-brood at Whitstable, 367.

Nursing the salmon, 15.

Objects of the English Fishery Act of 1861, 220.

Observations on fish-guano, 491.

Obvious abuses in connection with the economy of the fisheries, 284.

Occurrence at St. Monance, 434.

Oddities of the pearl-fisheries, 405.

Officer’s, Dr., account of the ova received in Australia, 120.

Official documents on the fisheries referred to, 66.

Official instructions to the herring-curer, 262.

Off to the herring, 264.

Old believers in old fish theories, 227.

One million of oysters eaten daily in Paris, 345.

Open _versus_ decked boats, 272.

Operations of the Fishery Board, 284.

Opinion of Mr. Anderson on the salmon question, 207.

Opinion of Mr. Ffennell on the English Fishery Act of 1861, 220.

Opinions of a Billingsgate salesman, 320.

Opinions, different, about shell-fish, 333.

Orata, Sergius, 72, 343.

Organisation for supplying London with oysters, 366.

Origin of Buckhaven, 439.

Origin of Finnan haddocks, 290.

Origin of fisher colonies, 423.

Ossian, 174.

Our chief food fishes, 285.

Our Lady’s Port of Grace, 423.

Our skipper at Wick, 264.

Ova of the salmon, how it develops, 12.

Overfishing of the herring, 227.

Overfishing of the herring as pointed out by Mr. Cleghorn, 233.

Overfishing of the oyster, 347.

Overshooting, 169.

Owners of salmon fisheries on the Tay, 213.

Oyster-beds of Colne and Whitstable, 346.

Oyster-beds of Georgia, 380.

Oyster-breeding fascines, 351.

Oyster close-time, 336.

Oyster-eaters, 343.

Oyster-growth, 338.

Oyster, natural and economic history of, 332.

Oyster-parks described by Mr. Ashworth, 354.

Oyster-pyramid, 350.

Oyster-saloons of New York, 381.

Oyster-seekers, 373.

Oyster Street at Billingsgate, 374.

Oyster tiles, 363.

Oyster-women of Paris, 456.

Oysters able to move about, 342.

Oysters at one time nearly forgotten, 343.

Oysters hermaphrodite, 340.

Oysters, how they are made green, 359, 360.

Oysters in France, increase in price of, 64.

Oysters on trees, 379.

Oyster-ploys, 345.

Oysters, when in season, 336.

Packing herrings, 41.

Packing of trawled white fish, 311.

Pandore oysters, 377.

Paper on the herring read at British Association meeting, 1854, 231.

Paper on the sea fisheries of Ireland, 286.

Parr at a year old, 182.

Parr-growth, 180, 181.

Parr in salt water, 194, 195.

Parr-icide, 200.

Paris, revenue derived from fish by, 64.

Paucity of oyster-spawn during late years, 340.

Payment of fishermen on the St. Lawrence, 310.

Pearl-fisheries of Scotland, 398.

Pearl-seekers at work, 404.

Pearl-seekers, information for, 408.

Peat-smoked haddocks, 448.

Pennant’s opinion as to the haddock, 289.

Pennant’s story of the herring a myth, 228.

Percentage of salmon eggs hatched in Australia, 124.

Percentage of mussels that contain pearls, 408.

Percentage of oysters that arrive at maturity, 341.

Percentage of salmon ova that come to life, 200.

Perch, the, 151, 152.

Perforated chests for keeping lobsters alive, 387.

Perth as a centre for the angler, 213.

Periwinkle, a peep at the, 384.

Peter Marshall of Stormontfield as a pisciculturist, 111.

Petticoat government, 450.

Pickled herrings, discovery of, by the Flemings, 43.

Pictures of the Dutch fishery, 42.

Pig-feeding by means of parr, 200.

Pike, 140.

Pilchard, the, 251.

Pisciculture, 69.

Piscicultural establishment at Huningue, 76.

Pisciculture in China, 69.

Plan of a turtle-farm, 96.

Plan of cultivating oysters, 346.

Plan of fishing adopted at Yarmouth, 271.

Plan of smoking haddocks in Auchmithie, 446.

Plan of the salmon-ponds at Stormontfield, 100.

Planting and transplanting mussels, 414.

Playing a salmon, 131.

Plea for the total abolition of the brand, 263.

Plentifulness of salmon long ago, 476.

“Please to remember the grotto,” 332.

Plessix oyster-bed, 364.

Pleuronectidæ, 285, 295, 297.

Poaching as a trade, 202.

Points in the natural and economic history of the herring, 232, 233.

Ponds for fish, 38.

Pont oyster-grounds, 368.

Pooldoodies, 374.

Pope and Swift as oyster-eaters, 345.

Portessie, 321.

Powan, the, 29.

Practicability of artificial breeding on the Severn, 219.

Practical nature of French fish-culture, 95.

Prawn-catching, 396.

Prawns and shrimps, 395.

Preparation of the eels at Comacchio, 462.

Present price of haddocks, 288.

Prestonpans, 437.

Price of fish in France, 62.

Progress of Beef’s oyster-farm on the Ile de Re, 353.

Progress of herring growth, 237.

Progress of salmon growth, 179.

Progress of the parr, 105.

Progress of the ova in Australian waters, 122.

Progress of the people of Fittie, 451.

Proper stock of fish for the Severn, 218.

Proper time to shoot the nets, 265.

Proposal for a jubilee on the Severn, 218.

Proposal for a tax on the boats, 284.

Proportion of netting used and herring taken, 282.