2. With "kei".

2. With "kei".

Kei pupuri ahau, _let me not hold_, or, _lest I should hold_.

Kei kore ahau e pupuri, _lest I should not hold_. (This negative is only used in dependent sentences.)

§ 43. IMPERATIVE MOOD.

Pupuri! or E pupuri! _hold!_

Kaua e pupuri! _do not hold!_

§ 44. INFINITIVE MOOD. This is merely the verb treated as a noun, always attended by one or other of the definitives.

EXAMPLES.

He aha tana? He pupuri i to hoiho. _What is his object? To hold your horse._

Ko te mahi ahau i toku whare, _I am going to work at my house_.

§ 45. PASSIVE VOICE. The passive voice is formed generally by the addition of one of the following terminations to the active: -a, -ia, -hia, -kia, -mia, -ngia, -ria, -tia, -whia, -na, -ina. No rule can be laid down which termination is to be used with any given verb: some form the passive with one only, others again with several; the passive termination, therefore, of each verb must be learnt with the active.

Those verbs which have the first syllable doubled in the active drop the repetition in the passive; thus _pupuri_ becomes (not _pupuritia_, but) _puritia_.

§ 46. THE TENSES of the different moods in the Passive voice are formed in the same way as in the Active, the passive form of the verb being merely substituted for the active,--_puritia_ for _pupuri_.

The Imperative Passive is not, like the Imperative Active, confined to the second person, but is more commonly used in the first or third person, the command at the same time being addressed to the second person.

EXAMPLE.

Puritia tenei pukapuka! _be this book held [by thee!]_ i. e. _hold this book!_

§ 47. USES OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE. The Passive Voice is generally used when the _action_ is emphatic rather than the _agent_, and therefore is much more frequently required than the Active Voice in strictly active verbs. But when an active verb follows a neuter verb and is in apposition with it, it will retain the active construction of the neuter verb.

EXAMPLES.

I mauria e ia te pukapuka, _the letter was taken by him_, i. e. _he took the letter_.

Ka haere ahau ka mau i taku pukapuka, _I will go and take my letter_.

§ 48. TRANSITIVE PREPOSITIONS &c. Every active verb is connected with its _object_, or the thing acted upon, by either of the prepositions _i_, or _ki_; some verbs requiring one, some the other, and some again taking either. These prepositions in some cases may be translated by an English preposition; but in most cases they merely represent the connexion between the verb and its object, and may therefore be called transitive prepositions.

Every passive verb is connected with the _agent_ by the preposition "_e_", which is rendered "_by_" in English.

EXAMPLES.

Whakarongo ki nga kupu a Rewa, _listen to the words of Rewa_.

E matau ana ahau ki taua tangata, _I know that man_.

Kei te tiki ia i tana hoiho, _he is fetching his horse_.

I mahia e wai? _by whom was it done?_

§ 49. AGENT EMPHATIC. When special emphasis is to be laid on the _agent_ an irregular construction is used, the preposition _na_ being placed before the subject in the past tense, and _ma_ in the future. In sentences of this kind the subject, being the most emphatic member of the sentence, stands first, and the object either before or after the verb, but without any transitive preposition. This construction is not properly used with neuter verbs.

EXAMPLES.

Naku i pupuri tena tangata, _I detained that man_, i. e. _it was I who detained him_.

Ma Hone e hanga he whare mou, _Hone shall build a house for you_.

§ 50. IMPERATIVE FUTURE. Another irregular construction is that of the Imperative Future with _me_, in which the verb is active in form but passive in sense.

EXAMPLES.

Me kawe e koe taku pukapuka, _you shall carry my letter_ (or, _my letter must be carried by you_).

I mahara ahau me patu tenei manu, _I thought that this bird was to be killed_.

This is not used with a negative.

_The verb_ ai, "_there is", "it is_" &c.

§ 51. INDICATIVE MOOD.